S&W Seed Company (NASDAQ:SANW) Q4 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

S&W Seed Company (NASDAQ:SANW) Q4 2023 Earnings Call Transcript September 27, 2023

S&W Seed Company beats earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $0.13, expectations were $-0.09.

Operator: Hello, and welcome to the S&W Seed Company Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2023 Financial Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Robert Blum with Lytham Partners. Please go ahead.

Robert Blum: All right. Thank you, and thank you all for joining us today to discuss S&W Seed Company’s fourth quarter and fiscal year 2023 financial results for the period ended June 30, 2023. With us on the call representing the company today are Mark Herrmann, the company’s Chief Executive Officer; and Vanessa Baughman, the company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer. At the conclusion of today’s prepared remarks, we will open the call for a question-and-answer session. Before we begin with prepared remarks, please note that statements made by the management team of S&W Seed Company during the course of this conference call may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, and such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

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Forward-looking statements describe future expectations, plans, results or strategies and are generally preceded by words such as may, future, plan or planned, will or should, expected, anticipates, draft, eventually or projected. Listeners are cautioned that such statements are subject to a multitude of risks and uncertainties that could cause future circumstances, events or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, including the risks that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors and other risks identified in the company’s 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, and other filings subsequently made by the company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In addition, to supplement S&W’s financial results reported in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or GAAP, S&W will be discussing adjusted EBITDA on this call. These non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the comparable GAAP measure and are not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. A description of adjusted EBITDA and reconciliations of historical adjusted EBITDA to net loss are included at the end of S&W’s earnings release issued earlier today, which has been posted on the Investor Relations page of S&W’s website. An audio recording and webcast replay for today’s conference call will also be available online on the company’s Investor Relations page.

With that said, let me turn the call over to Mark Herrmann, Chief Executive Officer for S&W Seed Company. Mark?

Mark Herrmann: Thank you, Robert, and good morning to all of you. As this is my first investor call as CEO, let me start by saying how excited I am to be leading this company. I believe S&W has a tremendous set of assets in terms of both our people and our products that provide innovative solutions to the challenges farmers face. Our talented development team has led to the innovation of some of the industry’s most impressive sorghum technologies, and we have a variety of advanced novel crops and cropping systems, which contribute to animal forage, renewable fuels, and cover crops, which also provide unique benefits to farmers. Our sales team has created strong customer connections with a desire to help farmers reduce their risk and increase productivity.

In the short time I’ve been CEO, I have become highly – it has become highly evident to me that this team has demonstrated a commitment to be best-in-class seed company across all functions. I look forward to leveraging my 35-year career experience in the seed industry to help guide this focus of seed company best practices going forward. My experience has been centered around working closely with farmers to understand their unique production needs and positioning value, building strong seed and trait brands, and facing industry operational challenges and delivering efficiencies while achieving operational excellence I have also led the licensing of germplasm and traits independent seed brands to enable farmers to purchase their seed from representatives of brands they have come to know and trust.

Having an open technology platform inclusive of licensing for breakthrough traits and germplasm has proven to deliver the fastest penetration of valuable traits, benefiting farmers in the industry. I see tremendous synergies between where S&W is heading and my broader experience and my passions. In terms of the agenda for today’s call, we’ll start with a quick look back at the accomplishments in fiscal 2023. I’ll spend most of my time today discussing our strategies to drive growth and efficiencies in the company. Vanessa Baughman will then provide a detailed analysis of both our fiscal 2023 results and our go-forward outlook and expectations. Now looking back to fiscal 2023, the company successfully executed a number of our strategic initiatives laid out at the beginning of last year to position S&W for success going forward.

These included the commercial scale launch of our high-value Double Team sorghum solutions, which saw sales increase to $6.5 million in fiscal 2023 compared to $2.4 million in fiscal 2022. This puts our first technology product on an estimated 6% of the total U.S. grain sorghum acres. The expansion of our gross margins through improvement of our obsolescence cost and increased sales of our high-margin Double Team products – overall gross margins went from 8.9% in fiscal 2022 to 19.8% in fiscal 2023, more than doubling our gross profit margin. We also saw a significant reduction in operating expenses as the company looked to better align its cost structure with our key areas of focus. Overall, operating expenses decreased by nearly $7 million in fiscal 2023, or about a 17% improvement even with the growth in our revenues.

And finally, we executed a partnership with Shell to develop and produce sustainable biofuel feedstocks. This partnership strengthened our balance sheet through a $7 million upfront payment to S&W, an additional $6 million that is scheduled to be paid to us in February 2024 and the assumption of a $6.9 million in debt tied to one of the facilities for a combined $20 million. The resulting factor of all these accomplishments was a $14.3 million improvement in adjusted EBITDA, growth in revenue and an improved balance sheet that should allow us to execute our strategic plans going forward. Further, there was the announcement in May of this year that we are evaluating potential avenues to unlock what we believe is unrecognized value in our international operations, which, as a reminder, are headquartered within our Australia subsidiary.

Our state upfront that we don’t have any specific updates to share with you on this process. However, as managers, Vanessa and I are fully focused on operating that segment of our business to its fullest potential going forward. So that is a look back, good progress made, which I believe we can build upon significantly going forward. Since taking over as CEO about 2.5 months ago, I have worked to define our business strategies with financial targets that will deliver – be delivered based on operational effectiveness and optimizing our two key areas of focus: our sorghum technology solutions in its pipeline and forage products. Let me start with sorghum. First off, I think it’s critical for everyone to understand just how special and unique, I believe, the Double Team sorghum solution truly is.

Launched on commercial scale in 2022, Double Team controls grassy weeds in sorghum that rob water, nutrients and ultimately, yield from the crop. Prior to 2022, due to the lack of effective weed control options in sorghum, farmers continue to bear higher risk for yield and crop loss due to weed pressure. Other crops offered options for weed control that ultimately led farmers to those crops, which, in many cases, are less suited for higher temperatures and more restricted water conditions that sorghum is uniquely adapted to. This has been a contributing factor to the historical declines in U.S. sorghum acres from around 10 million acres to around 6.5 million acres currently. In contrast, corn, soybean and cotton growers have all benefited from research investments in advanced tools for wheat control technologies.

With its limited launch in 2021 and broader commercial launch in calendar year 2022, Double Team grain sorghum now accounts for what we estimate is approximately 6% of all grain sorghum acres in the U.S. We believe this will grow to more than 10% this next year. This is a tremendous achievement and highlights the value and demand for innovation in this critical crop. This increase in penetration and adoption of Double Team and sorghum is similar to historical penetration trends and technology launches of many of the large-acre crops such as corn, soybeans and cotton. Double Team for grain sorghum is just the first leg of our planned sorghum technology portfolio stool for fiscal year 2024, as I’m happy to introduce two additional sorghum trait platforms from our R&D pipeline.

First, we are introducing our Double Team forage sorghum solution in 2024. We expect that we will see the same rapid adoption for forage sorghum as we saw for grain sorghum. Early demand has been strong, and we expect it to sell out in its introductory year and continue on a penetration curve similar to what we have already seen with Double Team grain sorghum. Secondly, we expect to commence a pilot launch of our prussic acid-free trait for sorghum, what we previously called dhurrin-free, with a few thousand acres being planted this year. As a background, dhurrin is a precursor to prussic acid, which is highly toxic to room in animals that feed on fresh sorghum forage. This, in essence, is what I would define as a quality trait that has great value for risk reduction, enabling safe livestock raising of forage sorghum acres.

With the pilot launch this upcoming year, we plan on commercially launching our prussic acid-free trait in 2025. It will be initially introduced as a solo trait, and then shortly thereafter expected to be provided as a stack trait with Double Team. Let me pause there for a second. What do I mean by a stack trait? And why is it important? As some of you may know, the biotech seed industry was built on developing new traits that address specific issues from weed control, pest control management above and below ground, quality and others. The industry has addressed each of these specific issues by providing valuable seed options to farmers through stack trait offerings in a single seed. For farmers, there’s an incremental value being created by each new trait that protects yield, decreases crop risk, increases crop quality and value and saves time to ultimately improve acre productivity.

As such, seed companies can deliver increased value to farmers versus forcing them to choose between valuable individual traits. Through the research investment and productivity, we can increase the value of the seed while production costs typically remain about the same. The result is a margin and profit improvement per bag of seeds sold. That’s why we believe trait-related R&D is so important, and the investments S&W has made over the years are beginning to pay off. On top of our Double Team weed control system and now prussic acid-free quality trait, we are also on plan to develop a second-generation post grass herbicide trait which we plan to launch in 2025. Further, we are in discovery stage for an insect tolerant to resistant traits and broad-spectrum herbicide trait as well.

We are clearly becoming the key technology provider in this critical, nutrient-packed crop. As the fifth largest cereal crop globally, it can be used as a substitute for many grains in the market today. We are excited about sorghum because it is a crop that is uniquely equipped to handle higher temperatures and drier climates better than many other crops. But as I mentioned, it hasn’t benefited from the historic research investments to successfully launch tools to support step change to improve the crop’s productivity. As farmers increasingly recognize the risk reduction with new tools to control grasses and increase crop raising safety technologies, I believe we will see continued share growth in the current sorghum acres as well as an increase in sorghum acres planted on dry land and limited water availability acres moving back to sorghum due to its improved adaptability to these conditions.

From a sales and marketing perspective, we plan to continue to drive sales through our S&W-owned Sorghum Partners brand and aligned with independent seed companies with current market-leading brands in key grain and forage sorghum markets to maximize market penetration through licensing S&W germplasm and/or traits so even where S&W does not have market presence, we will be working with brands that have presence to deliver our technologies to their customers to optimize availability to farmers and adoption. This will not only be in the United States, but internationally as well. Today, there are approximately 8.7 million acres of sorghum being grown in four key countries, where we have been developing relationships with seed companies with strong germplasm pools and established farmer relationships in Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Australia.

Our strategy here will be to out-license our germplasm and/or traits with well-established brands in each key sorghum market to reach the global sorghum market and accelerate adoption. Look for more on this to come. Operationally, we have developed an operational plan for this upcoming year that is intended to challenge all aspects of our organization to improve upon last year, whether it be in production, sales, marketing, or fulfillment to deliver on the promise that our sorghum technology portfolio provides to farmers. I believe we have worked through many of the bottlenecks that were presented to the company last year in achieving our original goals. As you likely saw in our press release, it is my expectation that revenue from Double Team sorghum solutions is expected to be $11.5 million to $14 million in sales, representing an increase of 77% to 115% compared to fiscal 2023.

With 70% of this margins on Double Team, this is expected to be a big contributor to our bottom line improvement. When we break this all down, we see fiscal 2024 as being strong for our sorghum operations with the expectation for significant growth going forward. We are in a leadership position today with our trait portfolio. And with the impressive pipeline I just touched on, we plan to maintain leadership of this important crop for many years to come. Transitioning, let me quickly touch on our international operations and our partnership with Shell before turning it over to Vanessa for a review of the financials. As I mentioned at the beginning, there are no updates I can share with you on the process we are going through to look to unlock value within our international operations.

We will certainly provide an update if and when something may transpire. In the meantime, we are looking to implement many of the same strategies internationally as we are in the U.S. to drive growth and efficiencies in this segment. We are looking to optimize our production capabilities to drive down the cost of goods sold while developing a sales and marketing approach that highlights the benefit of our forage solutions around the world. While total results are expected to be slightly higher, we do look for growth in our alfalfa and forage resumed business in the years to come. As had been the case in our international operations for a few years, there are various factors that are largely outside of our control, namely, the geopolitical risk in certain jurisdictions we sell into.

That said, we are looking to mitigate those risks, especially when we think about our guidance for the year. We are placing minimal dependence on the riskiest markets for us to achieve our stated guidance going forward. We certainly hope there could be an upside if certain markets materialize, but are providing what we believe to be a conservative view into this segment. As mentioned, Vanessa will touch on our guidance in detail momentarily. Vision Bioenergy Oilseeds LLC is the partnership between S&W Seed and Shell for the purpose of developing novel plant genetics for oilseed cover crops as a feedstock, for biofuels, green diesel and SAF, sustainable aviation fuel. VBO intends to develop Cambelina, where oil and meal can be extracted for future processing biofuels, animal feed and other bioproducts.

On the biofuels front, there’s not a lot that we can expand on here, except to say the partnership remains on track from what was communicated during the last conference call. The entity VBO is expected to carry out initial grain production later this calendar year and more than 7,000 acres of Cambelina planted. To this point, the partnership has met or exceeded all cropping acre thresholds originally laid out. As has been discussed in the past, Shell is expected to buy all the grain that VBO produces through an offtake agreement that is in place. Vanessa will remind everyone of its impact to the income statement going forward, but I am certainly pleased with the progress being made, and believe this represents a tremendous long-term opportunity for S&W and its shareholders.

As I mentioned on the onset, we are striving to become a best-in-class company. Every organizational decision we make is expected to be data-driven to ensure it will have a positive impact on our customers and our shareholders going forward. We are instilling increased engagement with the finance team and financial analysis with all decisions that impact cost, margin and cash management. As such, we have implemented a new series of operational initiatives to drive business towards customer satisfaction and profitability in the near term, including improved life cycle management to reduce obsolescence costs and cash management, rationalization of certain low-margin product lines and effective seed treatment strategy, a seed manufacturing cost reduction plan through improved efficiencies that align with best-in-class standards.

Cost controls in the seed industry are key and often the difference between being profitable and not. It is my goal to have best-in-class cost of goods and operating costs going forward. We also made the decision to suspend our continued investment in the stevia germplasm development program. As we evaluate changes in the sweetener space, options between lead for fermentation processes driven largely by cost. Until we have a food or ingredient partner or commitment or we can entertain a buyer option for a proprietary germplasm and program. As you will see from our guidance, we are guiding revenue for fiscal 2024 to be between $76 million and $82 million, representing an expected increase of 3% to 12% compared to fiscal 2023 revenue of $73.5 million.

Again, we have tried to take a conservative view into our international operations and believe the pathway to achieving our stated objectives in the U.S. are achievable. Importantly, on gross margin front, based on the strategies we’ve discussed and expect a continued growth from our Double Team, we see consolidated gross margins moving from 20% in 2023 to between 24% and 26% in fiscal 2024. Further, we expect operating expenses to remain flat despite growth in revenues. The result is an approximate $2 million to $5.5 million anticipated improvement in our adjusted EBITDA compared to fiscal 2023. We know there is still work to be done, but feel good about the strategies being implemented to drive continuous growth and improvement across the organization.

Let me now turn it over to Vanessa to review the financials in detail. I will then provide a few final words, and then we can address your questions. Vanessa?

Vanessa Baughman: Thank you, Mark. Good morning to everyone on the call today. As this is a year-end conference call, I’m going to focus most of my comments on the results for the fiscal year. A breakout of fourth quarter results is included in the press release, and I would be happy to answer specific questions on the fourth quarter numbers where needed. Starting with revenue. Total revenue for fiscal 2023 was $73.5 million compared to total revenue for fiscal ’22 of $71.4 million. The $2.1 million increase in revenue was primarily due to the $4 million increase in Double Team sorghum sales in the U.S. domestic market; a $4 million increase in nondormant alfalfa sales in the Middle East and North Africa; and a $3.8 million increase in nondormant alfalfa and grain sorghum sales in Latin America.

This was then offset by a $4.3 million decrease in the Australian domestic pasture sale due to flooding and key planting regions that lowered sales expectations in the first half of fiscal 2023; a $3 million decrease in revenue in the Asia region due to logistical delays in international shipping and COVID-related impacts in China during the prior year that affected distributor demand; a $1.7 million decrease in U.S. domestic alfalfa revenue due to a decline in demand; and finally, a $1 million decrease in non-Double Team sorghum revenue. As Mark mentioned, as we look to fiscal 2024, we are expecting revenue of $76 million to $82 million, representing an expected increase of $2.5 million to $8.5 million compared to fiscal 2023 revenue of $73.5 million.

Breaking this down further, we are anticipating Double Team to be between $11.5 million to $14 million, an increase of 77% to 115% compared to fiscal 2023. There will be some offset to non-Double Team-related sorghum sales as we transition customers to our higher-valued products. As such, overall sorghum-related revenue is expected to be between $22 million and $23 million in total compared to $18.5 million in fiscal 2023. On the international side, we are expecting revenue to be between $45 million to $50 million compared to $43.6 million in fiscal 2023. And finally, on the U.S. forage operation, we see revenue of about $9 million compared to $10.8 million last year. Now turning to margins. GAAP gross margins for fiscal 2023 were 19.8% compared to GAAP gross margins of 8.9% in fiscal 2022.

The strong improvement of GAAP gross margin was primarily driven by the increased sales of a higher-margin Double Team sorghum solution in North America, in addition to the favorability of noncash inventory write-down due to improved inventory life cycle management. Inventory write-downs, or what we’ve referred to as LCM expenses, during 2023 were $2.8 million compared to $6.4 million in fiscal 2022, where we experienced a higher level of certain lots that had deteriorated in quality and germination rates. As Mark mentioned, seed life cycle management will continue to be a focus area for us, as we have reduced our product offerings going into 2024 to customers through seed treatment rationalization. Looking to fiscal 2024, we see continued improvement with gross margins.

Inclusive of any LCM charges, margins are expected to be between 24% and 26% compared to the 19.8% we saw in fiscal 2023. Again, the biggest driver here is expected to be the growth in our high-margin Double Team products. Now we will transition to operating expenses. GAAP operating expenses for fiscal 2023 were $32.5 million compared to $39.2 million in fiscal 2022. The decrease is a result of the company’s focus on aligning its cost structure to support its key centers of value, as Mark mentioned at the onset. Breaking it down further, there was a $2.5 million decrease in research and development expenses, a $2 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses and a $1.5 million decrease from a goodwill impairment charge recognized in fiscal 2022 and a $0.7 million decrease in depreciation and amortization.

This level of $32.5 million, which is inclusive of depreciation and amortization, is a level we feel we can maintain in fiscal 2024, even though we see revenue growing. We are intent on driving efficiencies across the entire enterprise. Betsy Horton mentioned this in the past, but I think it bears reminding that with the creation of the Trigall and VBO partnership, we would be playing an administrative role for both new ventures, handling things such as finance, accounting, HR and IT under a service level agreement established this year. In our financial statements, these items are presented as services revenue and an offsetting cost in SG&A, which we believe enhances the visibility into our operating expense reduction initiatives. During fiscal 2023, we had approximately $800,000 of service revenue pertaining to our partnership and an offsetting cost of SG&A of the same $800,000.

As we look to fiscal 2024, we expect about $0.6 million in revenue to come from the partnership, which was a similar offset to the cost of SG&A. Now to EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA for fiscal 2023 was a negative $9.3 million compared to adjusted EBITDA of negative $23.6 million for fiscal 2022, an improvement of $14.3 million. A full reconciliation is available in the press release. As we look to fiscal 2024, our guidance is a negative adjusted EBITDA of $7.5 million to negative $4 million. This would represent an improvement of approximately $2 million to $5.5 million compared to fiscal 2023. The biggest anticipated driver here would be the gross profit leverage from Double Team, grain and forage sorghum sales. Finally, on the net income line. GAAP net income for fiscal 2023 was $14.4 million, or $0.34 per basic and diluted share compared to GAAP net loss of $36.4 million, or a negative $0.93 per basic and diluted share for fiscal 2022.

We experienced a gain on the sale of the business interest of $38.2 million related to the establishment of a partnership with Shell and VBO. One final note. As Mark mentioned earlier, we are scheduled to receive a $6 million payment from Shell in February of 2024. Despite our negative adjusted EBITDA expectation, which translates rather closely to our cash utilization, the payment from Shell is expected to cover any operating cash needs this year. Beyond fiscal 2024, if we’re able to continue the growth in our sorghum technology portfolio and achieve the benefits of the stability and cost containment initiatives across the remaining parts of the organization, it is our thought that we will be in a positive cash flow position in the near future.

Again, I am happy to follow up with any of the details we went through if you should have additional questions. With that, let me turn it back over to Mark.

Mark Herrmann: Thank you, Vanessa. In summary, I hope you take away from this call that we are laser-focused on operating this business with best-in-class practices from top to bottom. We have a significant growth opportunity ahead of us, not only from our Double Team sorghum technology solutions, but our broader sorghum technology portfolio. Unique opportunities to be the sole technology leader in the crop doesn’t come along very often. But when they do, they tend to see rapid adoption and value creation for both customers and shareholders. I simply couldn’t be more enthusiastic to be leading this company at this exciting time. Thank you for your continued support of S&W Seeds, and I look forward to taking your questions. Operator?

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Q&A Session

Operator: Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Today’s first question comes from Ben Klieve with Lake Street Capital Market. Please go ahead.

Benjamin Klieve: All right. Thanks for taking my questions. A few from me this morning. First of all, on Double Team, I’m wondering if you can talk about kind of expectations versus reality in ’23 from this product, $6.5 million – is a great year-over-year clip, but relative to the kind of $12 million target that was laid out a few quarters ago certainly felt short. So, I’m wondering, if you can talk about what went right, what went poorly with Double Team this year, and then how the realities of ’23 give you confidence in your expectations for 2024?

Mark Herrmann: Hi, Ben. Thank you very much for joining this morning, but also for the question. I think it’s an excellent place to discuss, because I don’t see it at all as a step back or a concern around Double Team itself. As we look at the launch of Double Team in 2021, it was on very small volumes with, I believe, 23 different distribution points and or customers. And as we looked at the growth going from ’21 to ’22, it grew to $2.4 million. And then this last year, to your point, Double Team grew from $2.4 million to $6.5 million. I mean, it’s a tremendous growth curve as far as demand. And what we’ve seen from the 23 distribution points that trialed, and sold a very small amount in 2021 is their success rate and positive experience, right, with a solid growth curve from every one of those 23 distribution points except for one that actually changed their distribution makeup, which was no longer part of S&W under the same name.

So as far as growers utilizing and trialing it, and then expanding their use, I mean it was just a tremendous success. I do believe potentially there was a little bit of over-exuberance, looking for farmers to make a significant growth or significant introductory experience without that opportunity to do a trial, experience it on their farm, and then grow from there. But as I look at other traits that, I’ve been involved with in the launches. If I look at Double Team, and the growth curve that it’s had from introduction, to what we’re expecting this coming year of Double Team being on more than 10% of the U.S. sorghum acres. It’s definitely demonstrating a positive impact in the market, and I really have very little to no concern about the performance of the product itself.

Being on 6% of the U.S. acres this year, and we’re pretty well through the application of first stack over those acres for grass control. And the number of service calls that – we’ve received, I’d say are very limited versus what I would have expected for a new technology in the market. But feedback from the field and others has been very, very positive on performance.

Benjamin Klieve: Great. That’s a helpful color. Thanks, Mark. And – in your prepared comments, Mark you touched on the kind of – movement of legacy non-Double Team sorghum farmers to Double Team variety. Can you guys talk about on a high level what your expectation is for sorghum that does not have either Double Team or the profit free trade introduced over the next few years? Is that a business that you just think, is going to – just kind of naturally go away, or do you think there’s going to be some material level of revenue from non-technology sorghum for the foreseeable future?

Mark Herrmann: Yes, that’s a great question Ben. And I do think it’s part of the lifecycle management that both Vanessa and I talk to as well. Because I do believe, as we look at Double Team and its continued growth on overall sorghum acres. I do believe it will obviously be replacing, one of its growth factors are replacing current sorghum acres that really have a traditional germplasm in place, right, which we also have our entire sorghum business started out as that – at 2021 introduction. Now that product or product line is much lower margin, but I do anticipate that it will shrink. I believe our share within those non-Double Team acres will, and should remain the same, if not increasing our share amongst those acres, because of a stronger brand position, and distribution with farmers due to the Double Team trade.

But I do anticipate non-Double Team acres in sorghum to be a smaller portion of the sorghum market. And I believe as Vanessa went through our guidance going forward. She did touch on, we do expect a small decrease in non-Double Team, non-prussic acid grain and forage sorghum as these products show superior performance going forward. The positive to us is on the DT sorghum position. It puts the product margin in the above 60% to 70% margin. In the conventional sorghum market, we’re looking at margins closer to that 20% to 25%, right? So it’s a great impact for us, as it’s moving the product line up to higher value. But we need to be very smart about, how we manage the non-Double Team market to ensure we don’t build supplies based on historical experiences in a market that is likely to be a decreasing size market, right?

So I think the key thing you call out there, is we need to maintain our margin on that non-DT market in our presence, but recognize it needs to be with tighter excess inventories, planning on a shrinking market.

Benjamin Klieve: Got it. Got it. Very helpful. Last one from me and then I’ll get back in queue. You talked about exiting some kind of lower margin, forage crops and seed treatment applications. I’m wondering if you can talk about the level of revenue contribution from these exited business – exited businesses in ’23. And what, if any, revenue contributions from these businesses that you’re leaving, is included in your ’24 guidance?

Mark Herrmann: Yes, that’s a great question as well. And I would say as a general practice, a healthy company, we’ll look at everything that’s lower than our overall average margin and really question, look, are there things that either one, we can address within our own system that’s driving costs that can improve its margin position? Or two, is it diluting the overall business and diluting focus to product lines. That maybe resources could be moved from those, applied to other areas where clearly the growth in the product line, would deliver more results to the company and the shareholders, right? So, I would say this is a standard practice, that I’ve really been involved with most of my careers. So, I don’t think the focus itself is highly unusual, but we will be evaluating all these product lines.