Spirit Airlines, Inc. (NYSE:SAVE) Q1 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

Spirit Airlines, Inc. (NYSE:SAVE) Q1 2024 Earnings Call Transcript May 6, 2024

Spirit Airlines, Inc. misses on earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $ EPS, expectations were $-1.43. Spirit Airlines, Inc. isn’t one of the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds at the end of the third quarter (see the details here).

Operator: Thank you for standing by. My name is Pam, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Spirit Airlines First Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn the conference over to DeAnne Gabel, Senior Director for Investor Relations. You may begin.

DeAnne Gabel: Thank you, Pam. Presenting on today’s call are Ted Christie, Spirit’s Chief Executive Officer; Matt Klein, our Chief Commercial Officer; and Scott Haralson, our Chief Financial Officer. Also joining us are other members of our senior leadership team. Following our prepared remarks, we will take questions from the analysts. Today’s discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the company’s current expectations and not a guarantee of future performance. There could be significant risks and uncertainties that cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in our forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, various risks and uncertainties discussed in our reports on file with the SEC.

We undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statements, and investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In comparing results today, we will be adjusting all periods to exclude special items unless otherwise noted. For an explanation and reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to GAAP, please refer to the reconciliation tables provided in our first quarter 2024 earnings release, a copy of which is available on our website under the Investor Relations section at ir.spirit.com. I will now turn the call over to Ted Christie, Spirit’s President and Chief Executive Officer.

Ted Christie: Thanks, DeAnne, and thanks to everyone for joining us on the call today. We are coming to you this morning from our new Spirit Central Campus in Dania Beach. We celebrated our grand opening a couple of weeks ago, marking a major milestone and a new chapter in our more than 30-year history. In addition to allowing us to consolidate our corporate offices and all of our Fort Lauderdale based training facilities, the new campus is convenient to Fort Lauderdale Airport. It also provides access to the fabulous amenities at Dania Point for our support center team and our pilots and flight attendants when they are in town for training. Until recently, we thought the branding of the new facility might be blue but now we are proud to boldly display our signature Spirit yellow.

Looking back a couple of months, we still feel strongly, it was a serious misreading of both the evidence and the law for the Federal Court to enjoin our merger with JetBlue. And aside from the waste of taxpayer funds and the damage done to two proud companies through this process, the fact that the DOJ even brought a case to block a merger between two carriers with less than 8% combined market share, just shows how uninformed the government is about our dynamic airline business, particularly in the post-COVID era. Our industry has changed dramatically. Today, nearly all the profits of the entire U.S. airline industry are concentrated in just two companies, while the smaller non-legacy carriers scrambled to restore profitability in what seems ever more like a rig game.

The big four are the beneficiaries of this new normal, American consumers are the long-term losers. In the beginning of our consolidation process in 2022, we advocated strongly for a merger between the two largest ULCCs and tried to outline the challenges with the proposed JetBlue transaction, but our shareholders did not listen. While not our first choice, we believe the merger with JetBlue would as an alternative still be very positive for consumers and our other constituents. We were well aware of the regulatory risk that might prevent the merger from successfully closing. As such, over the last year, we have been simultaneously developing a stand-alone plan to de-risk the business and improve our financial performance. The JetBlue merger agreement had several operating restrictions that limited what we could do to rightsize the business address over staffing levels caused by the issues with GTF engines on our NEO aircraft and make the necessary changes to our product and strategy to adjust to the evolving industry environment.

We no longer have those restrictions and are swiftly taking numerous actions that we believe will lead to cash flow generation and profitability. I thank all our Spirit team members for their contributions to our first quarter results and their unwavering dedication and patience as we deploy our plan to return to sustained profitability. Moving on to our first quarter 2024 results. We reported an adjusted net loss of $160 million. During the quarter, we started to see benefits from the tactical and strategic network changes we have made over the last few months. We have a long way to go to margin health, but we are making steady progress. Operationally, we were negatively impacted by adverse weather and air traffic control-related delays, particularly along the Eastern Seaboard and in Florida.

We were also affected by the civil unrest in Haiti. However, our system-wide controllable completion factor for the quarter, that is excluding events outside our control, was 99.9%. Kudos the entire operational team for a job well done. With that, here’s Matt and Scott to share more details about our first quarter performance and the actions we have taken that set us up well to execute to our go-forward plan. Matt, over to you.

Matt Klein: Thanks, Ted. I, too, want to thank the entire Spirit team for their contributions. From the support center to the front line to the flight deck and everywhere along the way, our team does an exceptional job delivering great service and the best value in the sky to our guests. Now moving on to our first quarter revenue performance. Total revenue for the first quarter was approximately $1.3 billion, a decrease of 6.2% year-over-year. As we have previously noted, there has been a significant amount of industry capacity growth in the markets we serve and gaining deal traction and full loads in the non-peak periods has been difficult. Given this backdrop, we pulled down the schedule on the off-peak days of the week to a greater degree than usual in January and February.

And looking back, we believe that was the correct strategy for that time frame. From a yield perspective, the first half of March was also a bit choppier than we had anticipated due to some competitive fare activity, but demand was strong in the peak spring break period and total revenue results were in-line with our expectations. Total RASM for the first quarter was $0.0938, a decrease of 8.2% year-over-year. On a sequential basis, moving from Q4 2023 into Q1 2024, as we had anticipated, we achieved a substantial improvement in total unit revenue. On a per segment basis, fair revenue per segment declined 16.3% year-over-year to $48.8. Non-ticket revenue per segment declined slightly by 1.4% year-over-year to $68.95 for the full quarter. As we continue to see the demand and competitive environments develop, we know that we must also change with the times.

You have already seen us move our aircraft into different parts of our network and that will continue to happen as we look for the best places to maximize revenue. We will continue to test out new merchandising strategies, which we anticipate will change how we think about the components of total revenue generation. Ancillary revenue continues to be a critical part of our business, but we believe there are opportunities to maximize revenue that may involve shifts of revenue from the ancillary bucket into the ticket yield bucket. We will continue to iterate until we find the right balance and formula. Operationally, from a network design perspective, we are still being impacted by Jacksonville Center ATC issues. Given the length of time it takes to train controllers, it has been difficult for the center to keep pace with the large amount of industry capacity increases.

Therefore, to help with our operational performance, we are purposely limiting our growth into and out of Florida. Without these self-imposed limitations, we would likely be at least a few percentage points larger in Florida than we are today. Looking ahead to the second quarter, there remains an elevated amount of capacity chasing leisure demand. Several carriers have commented on the capacity increases in Latin American markets, but the situation remains quite pronounced in domestic markets as well. We have exited a few cities and suspended service to others, making adjustments to better align our capacity with markets where the supply and demand trends are more in balance as a continuous exercise. We are broadening our network in some cities where we’ve been relatively too small in the recent past.

We have added some new routes with less than daily flight schedules. We’re rethinking how we attempt to take advantage of seasonal changes in certain cities. And we’re also in a position where we now expect to introduce fewer new cities to our network in the immediate future. Given the dislocation in domestic demand trends last year, combined with our encouraging booking trends earlier this year, everything had pointed to an improving domestic demand environment, and we would believe we would see continuous improvement. And while the domestic environment does continue to improve, to date, it has done so at a slower rate than we had initially anticipated. We do expect to continue to see ongoing improvement through the summer with the peaks performing well.

In order for our forecast to materialize, we will need to see the off-peak and shoulder periods improve, but that is anticipated to be the case. In the meantime, we will make material modifications starting in June that will have a positive impact to the brand, the guest experience and ultimately to unit revenues. We are estimating second quarter 2024 TRASM will be down 8% to 9.5% compared to the second quarter last year on a capacity increase of about 2% year-over-year. We estimate that approximately 3 percentage points of this decline can be specifically attributed to the weakness in Caribbean and Latin American revenue trends. We estimate second quarter 2024 total revenue will range between $1.32 billion to $1.34 billion. Looking further out, the GTF engine availability issues and the phasing of AOG aircraft being taken out of service, together with limited visibility on when these aircraft will be returned to service, makes it difficult to accurately predict the number of assets we will have to produce capacity.

For the full year 2024, we estimate we will have an average of about 25 AOGs, finishing the year with about 40 AOGs. Based on this assumption, we anticipate year-over-year capacity for Q3 will be up high single digits and Q4 is expected to be down low single digits. For the full year 2024, capacity is now estimated to range between flat to up low single digits versus full year 2023. Again, this is a fluid situation. So this is just our baseline estimate for now and at this point, it does not include any potential mitigation efforts from Pratt & Whitney that could improve the forecast. We estimate we will start 2025 with over 40 AOG aircraft and that number will grow throughout 2025 and could end next year with somewhere around 70 aircraft on the ground from this issue.

Additionally, taking into account the aircraft deferrals we recently announced, our working assumption for 2025 is that capacity will be down high single digits versus full year 2024. Again, the situation is very fluid, we will do our best to update you as we gain further insight or if our working assumptions change. And with that, I will now turn it over to Scott.

Scott Haralson: Thanks, Matt. and thanks to the entire Spirit team. The first quarter was a bit of an emotional roller coaster, and I thank our team for staying focused on running the business and delivering the best value for our guests. There was a lot of activity in the first quarter. We terminated our merger with JetBlue, finalized the building of our new headquarters, executed on many of the items in the first phase of our go-forward stand-alone plan and began laying the framework for Phase 2 of the plan. This plan is the next evolution for Spirit, and I will cover some of the steps we’ve already taken, and Ted has a few tidbits to share in his closing remarks as well, where we are keeping most of the competitive details confidential for a bit longer.

I will wrap up with a brief overview of the quarterly results and then share some of the views on the second quarter. Regarding our stand-alone plan, it has been evolving over the past couple of years with more refinement happening over the past few months. While we were optimistic that the JetBlue transaction will be consummated, we were thoughtfully planning the airline in the event that was not allowed to proceed. Once the merger was terminated, we began executing on it. The first phase involves some updates to our financial and operational infrastructure. The first was to finalize the AOG compensation agreement with Pratt & Whitney for 2024, which we did in March. This agreement should add approximately $150 million to $200 million of liquidity benefit to the business in 2024.

Next, we completed a deferral agreement with Airbus to move deliveries from the second quarter of 2025 through the end of 2026, to delivery positions in 2030 and 2031. This will improve 2024 liquidity by about $230 million. Given the reduced capacity from the AOGs and the further reductions in capacity from the deferrals, we began actioning items to rightsize the rest of our business through our future capacity. This involves several initiatives, and it unfortunately means that we will need to furlough up to 260 pilots in September. We plan to action other rightsizing initiatives throughout the business as the year progresses to achieve our $100 million cost reduction goal. In addition, our advisers assisting us with addressing our loyalty bond and convertible notes due in September of ‘25 and May of 2026, respectively, began having initial discussions with our bondholders of both notes.

A large majority of the holders have organized and have hired advisers as well. The initial discussions have been constructive. Even though the discussions have been limited, the current plan is to have resolution with both noteholders this summer. One of the important gating items in this discussion is presenting the go-forward Spirit plan to the advisers and possibly some collection of bondholders in order to reach a resolution. Therefore, all of the actions to date going forward need to be done in a specific order and will require some patience to get to the finish line. Now for the results of the quarter. During the quarter, we managed costs well and ran a good airline, coming in fourth out of 10 major airlines and completion factor for the quarter.

Our financial results were at the good end of our original guidance. Our initial guidance included over $30 million of credits from AOG aircraft that we thought would be recognized during the quarter as an offset to other operating expense. Upon further review of the relevant accounting guidelines, the credits will be treated as vendor compensation for GAAP purposes and recognized as a reduction to the cost basis of goods and services purchased from Pratt & Whitney and primarily amortized over the life of the respective assets. While from a liquidity perspective, the credits will be applied in 2024. Most of the benefit of the credits will be recognized through earnings over future years. In the quarter, we earned $30.6 million of AOG credits.

Of this, only $1.6 million was recorded as a credit within maintenance materials and repairs on the income statement. Unfortunately, the accounting for these credits makes it difficult for the income statement to reflect the full economic impact and we will have a negative effect on our margin by around 2 full points for the year. We will do our best to help explain the accounting, but we may need to add some further guidance metrics to help lay out the economic and cash impact of the compensation. As I have mentioned on prior calls, while the credits do help mitigate the damage of AOGs, we still estimate that our margins were penalized by an additional 2 to 3 points. The impact on our business associated with these Pratt engine issues cannot be understated.

Despite the estimated amount of AOG credit recognized in the P&L during the quarter being significantly less than what was earned, total operating expenses were in-line with our initial guidance due to operational efficiencies that resulted in better-than-expected labor expense and passenger disruption expense as well as lower-than-expected airport rents and landing fees due to network changes and airport signatory rebates. On a year-over-year basis, first quarter operating costs were about flat. Operating margin was negative 13.9%. Had we been able to recognize all of the AOG credits earned during the quarter, our operating margin would have been negative 11.6%. We ended the first quarter with $1.2 billion of liquidity, which includes unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and the $300 million of available capacity under our revolving credit facility.

During the quarter, we took delivery of seven new A320neo aircraft and retired five A319ceo, ending the quarter with 207 aircraft in our fleet. We also finalized the sale-leaseback transactions for the remaining five aircraft from the ‘25 sale leasebacks, we announced in December. We completed 20 of the transactions in December of ‘23, and the remaining five were completed in early January, resulting in net cash proceeds of $99 million, bringing the total for all ‘25 aircraft to $419 million. For the second quarter, we estimate our operating margin will range between negative 11.0% to negative 9%, or between negative 8.5% and negative 6.5% when adjusting for the difference between AOG credits estimated to be earned and the estimated AOG credit to be recognized through earnings.

We estimate the credits earned in the second quarter will be about $42 million, of which we estimate will recognize about $7 million. We estimate fuel cost per gallon will average $2.80 with total operating expenses ranging between $1.460 billion and $1.465 billion. And with that, I’ll turn it back over to Ted for closing remarks.

Ted Christie: Thanks, Scott. It’s been only 2 months since our merger agreement with JetBlue was terminated, but we have already made significant progress on the first phase of our stand-alone plan. As we approach the summer, we plan to share more details on the status of negotiations with the public bondholders of our loyalty notes and our 2026 convertible notes. Once that is complete, we will take the time to clarify the strategy for the next phase of Spirit. We have work to do to improve the company’s revenue production and margin opportunity, and we intend to discuss the details of our go-forward business strategy at an Analyst Day in early August. Between now and then, we will be deploying some elements of the revised approach to the market.

We do not intend to discuss the details on a piecemeal basis, as it is competitively sensitive. But I can say that we have been listening to our guests and general airline passengers and have been reviewing the competitive set of products in the industry. The core components of our model work well: density and utilization to drive cost efficiency and product assortment to give consumers choice. However, it is clear that we need to introduce some changes to reflect the new dynamics in the industry and to make Spirit a more compelling option for the traveling public. Some of these changes to our merchandising and pricing strategy are already being tested in some of our markets, and the results appear to be in excess of our expectations from a volume and yield perspective.

It is early but very encouraging. These are challenging times for the smaller U.S. domestic airlines, but I have confidence in the Spirit team and the work that we have done to date to reestablish ourselves as a disruptive force in the market. And now back to DeAnne for Q&A.

DeAnne Gabel: Thank you, gentlemen. With that, Pam, we are ready to begin the question-and-answer session from the analysts.

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Q&A Session

Operator: Thank you. [Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Brandon Oglenski from Barclays. Please go ahead.

Brandon Oglenski: Hey, good morning, everyone. And thanks for taking my question. Ted, you mentioned in your prepared remarks how you feel like maybe the industry is feeling even right here post pandemic with the profits focused at a couple of carriers and the struggle with the low-cost carriers. But what do you think potentially beyond just control of the market share is driving this difference? Do you think it’s a fundamental shift by consumers desiring to have the backup of a network airline or premium products? I don’t know, what have you diagnosed the underlying challenge here?

Ted Christie: Thanks for the question. So I’d say there’s a few things. First of all, corporate travel demand is not back to where it was pre-COVID even though it appears to be moving in the right direction, we don’t normally carry a lot of that. But that is a demand segment that does not exist to the extent it did in pre-COVID. And so that’s changing at least the way the airlines are competing for traffic. There are more seats available for leisure-based fares because there isn’t as much corporate demand soaking up some of that. So to the extent that, that continues to improve, that will give credence to the whole normalization thought that we’re starting to – that we indicated we’re starting to see and will help put the balance back in place.

But as it relates to fundamentally shifting consumer behavior, as I said in my closing, we’ve been studying the way people are behaving, we’ve been using the opportunity over the last couple of years to review where we would be from a stand-alone perspective. And while we still believe that costs matter, and we’re still going to be a very low-cost airline, and we will attack that vigorously going forward, by the way, beyond whatever the $100 million target is, we’re going to continue to pursue an efficient model, there are components of the way people are buying that are different than they were 5 or 6 years ago. And while we were at the forefront of introducing this type of model in an [indiscernible] product, 15 years plus ago, the changes we’ve made to our products have been more nuanced over the last decade, and I think this affords us an opportunity to recast that some.

And while we were a hyper successful business in the 2010s, we also recognize that some of that could have been at the sacrifice of the experience that our guests were having on board the airplane. And we’ve made moves to improve that. We are a better operator today. Our on-time performance is more in-line with what we want to expect. But we also want to afford our guests the opportunity to buy products and services that currently Spirit doesn’t have available. And I think that’s a chance for us to really move up faster than people could appreciate. Clearly, we need the market to continue to perform. The domestic demand to market needs to reach some level of stability. But we feel confident in the plan that we’ve got that we can attack the market well with low cost and deliver products that people want more affordably than they’re currently getting on some of the other airlines.

And I think that could be a real boon to load factor and yield for us.

Brandon Oglenski: I really appreciate that response, Ted. And I guess do you feel culturally that you have the team in place now, especially given all the ups and downs you guys have gone through here to act with urgency to really write the ship in terms of operating profitability?

Ted Christie: Well, it certainly has been a seesaw a couple of years, and I appreciate the comment. But yes, this is a group that was [indiscernible] in changing the industry and making adjustments. We’ve been an action-oriented management team for my entire experience here, and I’m blessed to have the group around me, and I’ve been glad to be a part of it. And we get the urgency. So this is something that we’ve been waiting to take advantage of perhaps if the deal did not happen. We had to prepare for the fact that the deal would happen. That was the deal that was voted on by our shareholders, and that’s what we agreed to do. But now that that’s over, this is a chance for us to really move things along quickly. I think you’ve seen some evidence of that. And a lot of it, as Scott outlined, has been balance sheet and cost and growth rate related stuff. But there’s more to come this summer, and we’re moving with all due pace and urgency.

Brandon Oglenski: Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Scott Group with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.

Scott Group: Thanks. Good morning. I wanted to just focus on the liquidity and some of the creditor stuff. What – can you just remind us minimum liquidity you’re targeting? What are any additional sources of liquidity, any more sale leasebacks, you can do any more PDPs to get back? And then in terms of the creditor resolution this summer, maybe just at a high level, I’m guessing you want to get into too many specifics. What are some of the – what are the options sort of on the table here?

Scott Haralson: Hey, Scott, this is Scott. So yes, I think the process for us or the bondholders has been constructive so far. We expect that to be sort of finalized through the summer. And when you think about sort of cash liquidity, minimums for us, we haven’t publicly disclosed outside of the sort of $400 million minimum for a loyalty bond and $450 million minimum for our revolver. We haven’t disclosed anything in regards to our credit card holdback agreement, but we are well above those minimums today as well. So we think we have enough liquidity and we expect to start generating some cash as we move forward into the back half of the year. And so we feel good about where we are. And we do have some ability to generate more liquidity.

Obviously, we have some financeable assets, still remaining, probably expect WTC sometime in the future here, as we think about enhancement going forward. But we have the ability to move forward. But really, we’ve got to get the business generating operating cash, and that’s really what the go-forward plan is about.

Scott Group: Okay. And then when I look at the Q2 RASM guide, I guess I’m wondering, do you feel like you’re seeing any book away impact just given sort of all the noise involving Spirit right now? And do you have any thoughts there? And then I know you made a comment that you think off-peak gets better? Just any color on why you think that happens? Thank you.

Matt Klein: Yes. Sure, Scott. This is Matt. We’re not seeing anything right now that would indicate that – what you’re asking about noise in the marketplace affecting our booking patterns or anything of that nature. What we do think is happening, which is what is being alluded to here is that we have to make some changes. And what customers want today is a little different than what we’re offering today. So we have to make some changes to get there. And as we make those changes and as we move through the summer and then hit after the summer, we would expect to see things start to improve because of what we’re what we’ve done thus far has created a great model and a great program. But what ended up happening is, throughout COVID and then coming out of COVID, we’ve seen a lot of competitive activity at price points that used to be sort of a place that we would play in and others now playing on the same price points.

So we have to make changes. And what we’re looking to do is going to be, as Ted alluded to, is creating different kinds of opportunities for more breadth of service and product. And then we’ll just end up seeing how that plays through. It’s going to take a little bit of time for things to really kind of take hold and fully, fully materialize, but we expect to see incremental improvement and accretion to the bottom line as we start to make changes. And that’s where we expect to see help in the shoulders and the off-peak periods. Peak periods are relatively good, and it’s the off-peaks and the shoulders is where we need to – is really where we need to see the comeback, which is where we used to do pretty well. And we’re not doing well in this period right now, and that’s where we expect to see the improvement and help us overall down the line.

Scott Group: Okay, that’s helpful. Thank you, guys. Appreciate it.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Duane Pfennigwerth. Please go ahead.

Duane Pfennigwerth: Hey. Thanks. Good morning Ted and team. Just a couple of cash flow questions, first, on deferred heavy maintenance. Can you just talk about what your expectation would have been this year before any credits? And how we should think about that line on a net basis after the $150 million to $200 million credit in credits?

Scott Haralson: So, Duane, are you asking about the estimated cash CapEx that we would spend this year primarily I guess this is what you are referring to?

Duane Pfennigwerth: Exactly. Yes. Thanks.

Scott Haralson: Yes. We were sort of forecasting in sort of $175 million to $200 million range for cap maintenance, and that’s still probably about the case. Most of that’s going to be WeWork. And then we will use the credits to offset some of that.

Duane Pfennigwerth: Okay. So, that $175 million offset by $175 million, it looks like in the first quarter, it was a net outflow of about $20 million. Again, any – I guess any finer point you could put on that would be helpful.

Scott Haralson: Yes. I mean we will spend – look, I mean we will spend more than the credits this year in Pratt, from cap maintenance and other parts and other things associated. So, if you are trying to get at the usage of credits, yes, we will likely be able to use all of the credits and beyond in the period. Part of that will be cap maintenance, but some is within other expenses and then the P&L as well.

Duane Pfennigwerth: Thanks. And just on other liabilities, it looks like it was about $120 million use of cash in the March quarter. Can you talk about what is driving that? What are the moving pieces in that line? And if there is any seasonality, is this kind of a front-loaded investment that eases in the back half? Any color on that line would be helpful.

Scott Haralson: Hey Duane. We don’t have the detail on that. Yes, we will get back to you on that. I will have DeAnne reach out.

Duane Pfennigwerth: Okay. Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Savi Syth with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Savi Syth: Hey. Good morning everyone. And it’s probably for Scott. Just on the $100 million cost reduction goal. I was curious, you are seeing, as you – or as alluded to, you are going to have capacity reductions again next year. Does the $100 million right size to where you get to by the end of this year, or is it contemplating the right cost structure you need to be for next year as well?

Scott Haralson: Hey Savi. Yes, the first move of this is to really right-size to where we are at the end of the year. And that’s sort of a run rate number, the $100 million. Obviously, a lot of that will happen, the back end of the year, as we think about the furloughs and other rightsizing of some of the labor groups that we have internally, we right-sized some of the airport facilities that we have and other pieces of the organization. But that’s sort of the run rate based on this year’s capacity. Depending on the number of AOGs that we have next year, we will have to reevaluate where we are with all the components of the P&L. But hopefully, we get some AOG mitigation relief from Pratt and the number is not as high as Matt mentioned in his prepared remarks, that could be as high as 70 next year. Hopefully, the number is a little bit lower and easier to manage for us. But we will have to reevaluate in 2025.