Can they be competitive versus standard flu or Fluzone high dose, or is it just a me too standard dose of flu? And then there’s a big issue to get an ACIP recommendation in the critical 65-plus segment for flu. So, there’s a lot we don’t know yet. What we are sure is that we’re developing the first generation of mRNA and the second generation working on thermal stability, tolerability and self administration. In a nutshell, Tim, if mRNA flu doesn’t work, we win; if mRNA works very well, we will be also there.
Paul Hudson: I’m not sure everybody fully appreciates the expectation of payers on protection beyond flu. I think, the quality that’s needed the organizational history and expertise, I think it won’t just be about flu in the end, it will be — because there are many of these people sadly passed from non-flu-related complications. You have to match that data. We will see — we love to compete. So, we will see how those things go in time. Thank you. All right. Next question?
Operator: Yes. The next question is from Peter Verdult from Citi. Peter?
Peter Verdult: Thanks for the questions. Two questions, please, for John and Paul. John, just on the NK cell therapy platform, we’ve seen some disappointing updates from your competitors as it relates to NK cell expansion and durability of effects. I just wanted to know or understand whether you feel Kiadis platform is differentiated and the outlook there for the NK cell therapy platform? And then secondly for Paul, forget what we’ve think, but the market, I think when we hear you talk about Play to Win, I think the market gets it on immunology. They get it on vaccines and rare diseases. But when we hear you talk about playing to win in oncology, it’s very difficult to really buy into that. I just wanted to understand from you whether oncology is a sacred cow that you’ll continue to invest in, or is there a point where you’ll take a difficult decision to say, look, we’re not going to win here let’s double down on where we could and focus there.
So just the outlook for oncology at Sanofi. Thank you.
Paul Hudson: Okay, John Reed, NK and also the other data.
John Reed: Yes, we’re very excited about the NK cell platform that we’ve been building at Sanofi. That platform really has three legs to the stool, all of which are progressing nicely. One leg is NK cell engagers. So these are bispecific for multispecific molecules that grab hold of the malignant cell with one or more binders and then to the NK cell with typically two binders to activate the NK cell and induce the killing. So, the first of those is in the clinic for AML, acute myeloid leukemia, that targets CD-123, and we haven’t disclosed data on it, but the trial is progressing well. We’re in dose escalation. The other leg of the stool is the allogeneic, one size fits all universal NK cells. And that is also in the clinic also for AML, where prior to obtaining that platform, there was a proof of concept data already generated.
That’s just sort of NK cells 1.0 without genetic engineering, but we’ve established the capabilities to do the engineering on the cells for next-generation products, and you might have seen an announcement about our collaboration with Scribe, a company that has next-generation genome editing enzymes that we’ve been able to avail ourselves of those through that collaboration. And then, the third leg of the stool is our engineered lymphokines, which include various versions of IL-2 and IL-15. The most advanced of those is the so-called SAR’245 non-alpha IL-2 that has shown very excellent pharmacology pharmacodynamic effects with typically elevations of endogenous NK-cells of tenfold with extremely well-tolerated doses. We’re continuing to really optimize schedule and dose around that and look forward to eventually combining these 3 legs of the stool in various ways for a variety of malignancies, starting with hematologic but then advancing into solid tumors in time.
