Hop on the oil train
Despite the large boom in U.S. oil production, a few parts of Phillips 66’s refining operations have what may be considered a feedstock problem. Much of Phillips 66′ byway facility in New Jersey has been cracking Brent crude, which is selling at a premium to almost every domestic crude supply. With WTI and Bakken crude spot prices at almost a $20 discount to Brent, these East Coast refiners could seriously improve their margins by moving to domestic feedstocks. The same could be said for West oast refineries as well, because Alaskan North Slope crudes are selling at prices very close to Brent.
One of the best feedstock candidates for these facilities is from the Bakken. Not only is the crude cheap in comparison with imports, but it’s also a high-quality crude and doesn’t have strong local refinery capacity. There is one small problem with Bakken feedtsocks, though: The infrastructure from the region to the East and West Coast is relatively weak.
Refiners, midstream, and E&P companies have settled on rail for emerging oil plays for the time being, because the speed to bring rail operations online using existing lines is much faster than building new pipeline networks. The two following images highlight how rail infrastructure is much more robust than pipeline networks in emerging oil regions such as North Dakota.
US Class I Rail Infrastructure (Source: US Department of Transportation.)
North American Interstate Oil Pipelines (Source: Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers.)
To take advantage of this, both Phillips 66 and Valero Energy Corporation (NYSE:VLO) announced in their recent conference calls that they plan to purchase 2,000 and 1,000 rail cars, respectively. While much of Phillips 66’s rail efforts will focus on moving Bakken crude, Valero plans to use rail to also move oil sands away from Alberta.
So where does Warren Buffett fit into this picture? The largest holder and operator of rail lines in the North Dakota region is Burlington Northern Santa Fe, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (NYSE:BRK.A). If any of these companies hopes to run rail cars in the region, they will need to use Burlington Northern’s rail lines to make it happen. According to Berkshire’s most recent quarterly earnings report, the largest revenue growth for the railroad company has come from increased petroleum shipments. As long as pipeline capacity remains weak in the region, Burlington Northern will see strong growth from petroleum transport.
Rail deliveries aren’t the perfect solution, though. Based on Tesoro Corporation (NYSE:TSO)‘s estimates, it takes about $8 to $9 dollars per barrel to move Bakken crude to its refineries on the West Coast. That’s almost double what it takes to transport a barrel of crude via pipeline. It also requires these companies to either construct or expand their rail terminal facilities. Since rail is the only economically viable option right now, though, both refiners and E&P companies will be more than willing to pay the higher price.
