But I guess the good news is, it’s come off the bottom, good growth in Q2, it’s going to grow again in Q3, and it will grow again in Q4. But it’s just not quite at that slope and that rate. When we’ve dug in with the customer base kind of all the way to the end companies that consume the storage, it’s hard to get an exact clear picture of where the inventory is and the timing, as I mentioned. However, what we do understand is that there’s a lot of activity on qualifying the next-generation drives in technologies. There’s a big TCO benefit. We haven’t been able to detect anything structurally that’s changed per se, although we continue to study that. So, in our mind, it looks like this has to come back to where it was at some point in terms of the number of exabytes that are being shipped or consumed, and it should grow from there for all the reasons that’s been growing for the last 20 years.
And AI, there was a question earlier about that, it’s probably a tailwind on that. But I think with how far back we are on the supply chain, I’ll just conclude my remarks by saying it’s just very difficult to get a full read on where it all is, what’s going on at the end customer level, and when it comes back. So, all we can do is sort of look at what our customers are saying and talking to us about and follow their lead. Hopefully, that’s helpful.
Vivek Arya: Yes. Thank you, Matt.
Matt Murphy: Yeah.
Operator: The next question is from Srini Pajjuri with Raymond James. Please go ahead.
Srini Pajjuri: Thank you. Hi, Matt. My question is on the custom silicon side, I think you called out two programs that — in AI that you expect to ramp next year. Can you talk about the design win pipeline? And also I want — if you could touch on, I know it’s difficult to predict what kind of revenue opportunity — forecast the revenue opportunity this early, but could you give us at least some sense, because some of these programs — we do hear that some of these programs do get canceled. So, just want to make sure that you have that visibility that these programs are for real, what you have for next year. And then, if you can talk about other opportunities beyond those two programs that you talked about, that will be helpful. Thank you.
Matt Murphy: Yeah, great question. Let me start with the, are they real, because I think that was the big question. Probably two quarters back, Srini, and even at the end of last year when I think the reality of the macroeconomy really hit the cloud companies pretty significantly and that’s when you saw those companies at a very high level take actions on headcount, take actions on expenses, look at program priorities down at the infrastructure level. And part of our call in Q1 and Q2 was sort of advising investors how that had changed. What emerged from that was a shift from traditional cloud infrastructure to AI, now we’ve seen that play out through the first half of the year. So, those programs not only are getting funded there, there is extreme urgency around them.
And so, now we’re at a point given where these products are at, actually talking about when do we start wafers, how do we make sure the capacity is lined up, how do we have three-way calls to make sure we’re all dialed-in on what’s needed. So, that gives us quite a bit of comfort, and that — and we were further along. In a quarter from now, two quarters from now, we’ll be even farther along relative to being able to provide more visibility on what that ramp looks like. But we feel good about that. And certainly going through that process, we — for all the programs in the pipeline, we have both one an open a good view of where our customers want to go. On the opportunity size, just to give you a sense, if you look at the overall Marvell’s total design opportunity pipeline, the biggest segment is data center, it wouldn’t surprise you, but it’s a huge portion of our open funnel.
And of that, we look at it every quarter the AI portion just continues to grow and has become very significant from an opportunity standpoint. And what I would say is, it’s really a combination of all the technologies I mentioned in the prepared remarks, it’s the PAM products going from 800 gig to 1.60T, it’s our AEC offerings, it’s the big custom compute silicon programs that are out there and there’s a tremendous urgency to increase the beat rate on those and get them out faster. Significant interest in our Ethernet switching platform at 51.2T. Not only that, the roadmap beyond that. We have a number of new exciting technologies too like bringing silicon photonics inside the data center. So, when you think about the conversations we’re having, it’s just a number of technologies that really work well together.
And I think customers are engaging with us now to figure out how they can get the best out of Marvell overall and really differentiate themselves within their data center architectures, on TCO, on power, on performance and using the suite of technologies and really optimizing for their architecture. So I’d say there’s a number of sockets, the pipeline is big, those are all the catch-all, that sounds great. But I’d say the more strategic and interesting piece and that’s where I’m spending time is really making sure we marshal the resources of Marvell to engage very deeply at the highest levels with our big cloud customers and partners in the ecosystem and present ourselves as one company with a suite of solutions that can process the data, it can move the data, it can store the data, and it can even secure the data inside your cloud.
And I think all of those together is very exciting. So, yes, we’ll see, lots of opportunity in front of us.
Srini Pajjuri: Thanks, Matt.
Operator: The next question is from Harlan Sur with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.
Harlan Sur: Hi, good afternoon. Thank you for taking my question. I know there’s been a lot of focus on your electro-optical business tied to AI. But I think the bigger portion of your electro-optical business is focused on the persistent upgrade cycles across the entire cloud data center footprint, right? And I think these tailwinds are still in front of the team, right? I think you still have — there still is one more cloud titan that is yet to upgrade to 400-gig across its data center. You still have the 800-gig 1.6T optical upgrade across the remaining three titans. And then on DCI, you’re still ramping 400ZR DCI, but you still I think have two more cloud customers that are in the pipeline. So, are these broad upgrade cycles starting to line up to fire next year, maybe even some starting in the second half of this year, maybe it ties into some of your commentary on strength in broader cloud.
But just trying to get a sense of the ramp profile on these upgrade cycles.
