Interface, Inc. (NASDAQ:TILE) Q4 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

Interface, Inc. (NASDAQ:TILE) Q4 2022 Earnings Call Transcript February 28, 2023

Operator: Greetings and welcome to the Interface Inc. Fourth Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. Please note, today’s conference is being recorded. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers’ remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. I will now turn the conference over to Christine Needles, Corporate Communications. Ms. Needles, you may begin.

Christine Needles: hosted by Laurel Hurd, CEO: and Bruce Hausmann, CFO. During today’s conference call, any management comments regarding Interface’s business which are not historical information are forward-looking statements, within the meaning of federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding the intent, belief, or current expectations of our management team, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based. Any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from any such statements, including the risks and uncertainties described in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, and second quarter 2022 quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC.

You should also consider any additional or updated information we include under the heading risk factors in our subsequent quarterly and annual report. The company assumes no responsibility to update forward-looking statements. Management’s remarks during this call also refer to certain non-GAAP measures. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures and explanations for their use are contained in the company’s earnings release, and Form 8-K furnished with the SEC today. Lastly, this call is being recorded and broadcasted for Interface. It contains copyrighted material and may not be re-recorded or re-broadcasted without Interface’s expressed permission. Your participation on the call, confirms your consent to the company’s taping and broadcasting of it.

After our prepared remarks, we will open up the call for questions. Now, I will turn the call over to Laurel Hurd, CEO.

Laurel Hurd: Thank you, Christine, and good morning everyone. Interface delivered strong results in 2022 reflecting broad based strengths across the business. Currency neutral sales grew 13% and adjusted operating income increased 8%, despite a challenging operating environment with persistent input cost inflation and currency headwinds. I’m really proud of the global team’s hard work and execution in 2022, which allowed us to significantly offset these headwinds through pricing and efficiencies. Interface continues to win in the marketplace and we’re making great progress on our diversification strategy. On the product side, remember that just a few years ago, nearly a 100% of our sales were from carpet tile. Today, carpet accounts for approximately 61% of our sales and delivered solid growth in 2022.

We had another record year for LVT, which reached $150 million in 2022, up 24% to last year’s record high. Rubber is also a core part of our resilient growth strategy and we continue to take share with our industry leading nora products. On the market segmentation side, we saw growth across our priority market segments in 2022. Notably, education was up 13% and corporate office grew 9%. We’re seeing sustained and elevated demand in the corporate office segment as companies renovate their offices and create more collaborative workspaces for a post-COVID environment. People are returning to the office and we’re helping our customers build more interesting and useful spaces to compete for top talent and better reflect how teams work and collaborate today.

There also continues to be strong demand for our carbon neutral and carbon negative offerings. Orders in 2022 were up 6.5% on a currency neutral basis, compared to 2021 with the Americas up 6% and EAAA up 7%. The commercial market continues to be resilient and we’ve seen order momentum continue into 2023. And as I speak to you today, we do not see signs of softening in the business. That said, we are realist about the potential economic headwinds that we may face as we move through 2023. If the macro environment deteriorates, we are well-positioned to weather through it with a flexible cost structure, strong balance sheet, and a management team that has a proven history of managing through challenging economic times. At Interface, our best days are ahead.

I’ve spent my first nine months out in the business meeting the team, working directly with our customers, and learning from many colleagues and partners across all functions and markets. It has reaffirmed my belief that we have so many strengths. We are the leaders in sustainability and have incredible relationships with our customers. We have the best sales force, designers, products, and brands in the market. We know how to navigate uncertainty and have a strong financial foundation. We also have a committed team that wants to win. In practice, we operate regionally with different systems, processes, and organizational structures around the globe. In order to reallocate investments to the most meaningful initiatives that drive our profitability and success, we recently implemented structural changes that will create efficiencies, and help prioritize where we place our investments, while staying grounded in our mission to be the most sustainable company in the world across our environmental, design, social, and economic objectives.

In January, I unveiled our new company strategy to our internal teams around the world. We are performing well, which is exactly the time to lean in to drive changes that can propel us to the next level and into the future. Our new strategy will enable us to bring the best of Interface to our customers. To capitalize on our opportunities, will reset the operating model to one global company, building strong global functions supporting our world-class local sales teams. We will expand margins through global supply chain management and improve productivity. We’ll accelerate new global products and designs to drive incremental growth. And will reallocate our investment to our big bets, including key high growth markets and drive profitable growth across our entire global business.

A new operating model went into effect on February 1st and includes a few changes in our executive leadership team. Jim Poppens, formerly President of the Americas region, now leads our global commercial efforts as Chief Commercial Officer. In this new role, Jim will focus on global sales and services, as well as all customer support functions. Nigel Stansfield, formerly President of EAAA, now serves as our Chief Innovation and Sustainability Officer, focusing on global product design and development, R&D and technical sustainability. Anna Webb, formerly Vice President of Marketing in the Americas, now serves as our Vice President of Global Marketing overseeing all brand marketing, strategy, and execution. We are also actively recruiting for Chief Supply Chain Officers and we’ll have an update on this later in 2023.

These new roles round-out our existing leadership team of Bruce Hausmann, CFO; David Foshee, General Counsel; Greg Minano, Chief Human Resources Officer; and Jake Elson, Chief Information Officer I’m confident that with this leadership team and our passionate people around the world, we are well-positioned to win. As we move into 2023, we are focused on better leveraging the strength of our global organization to drive profitable growth across the business. These changes will position us to capture the long-term potential of our differentiated products, innovative designs, and premium brands. With this new operating model, we will also be able to focus our investments where they will have the most impact in our must win markets, segments, and products.

And with that, I’ll turn it over to Bruce.

Photo by Danial Igdery on Unsplash

Bruce Hausmann: Thank you, Laurel, and good morning, everyone. Fourth quarter net sales totaled 335.6 million, a decrease of 1.2% versus fourth quarter of 2021. FX neutral net sales growth in the fourth quarter was 3.6% year-over-year even as we lapped a strong fourth quarter last year that had 24% year-over-year growth. Fourth quarter FX neutral net sales growth in the Americas was 3.3% and EAAA’s FX neutral net sales growth was 3.9% year-over-year. Fourth quarter adjusted gross profit margin was 33.2%, a decrease of 294 basis points from the prior year period, due mainly to higher raw material labor costs, partially offset by higher pricing. Adjusted SG&A expenses were 79.4 million or 23.7% of net sales in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to 81.6 million or 24% of net sales in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Fourth quarter 2022 adjusted operating income was 32 million, down 22% versus adjusted operating income of 41.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Fourth quarter 2022 adjusted EPS was $0.31 versus $0.47 in the fourth quarter of 2021. Adjusted EBITDA was 41.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 versus 52.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Looking at the full-year 2022 results, consolidated net sales totaled 1.3 billion, up 8%, compared to 1.2 billion in the prior year period. FX neutral net sales growth year-over-year was very strong at 13%. FX neutral net sales growth in the Americas was also very strong at 16.1% and EAAA’s FX neutral net sales growth was also very strong at 9.4% year-over-year. Adjusted gross profit margin for 2022 was 34.7%, a decrease of 184 basis points from the prior year, due to higher raw materials, freight, and labor costs, partially offset by higher pricing.

As we move into 2023, inflationary trends continue, but at a lower rate than last year. Ocean freight has come down materially and we’re anticipating single-digit inflation most of our raw materials versus the higher double-digit inflation we experienced in 2022. We also had significant FX headwinds in 2022, which are easing as the U.S. dollars weakening, compared to key currencies. Adjusted SG&A expenses for 2022 were 317.6 million or 24.5% of net sales, compared to 316.1 million or 26.3% of net sales in 2021. The 186 basis points of improvement reflect our continued progress in managing and optimizing SG&A. Adjusted operating income for 2022 totaled 132.4 million, up 8.3%, compared to the prior year. For the full-year 2022, adjusted earnings per share was $1.25 versus $1.23 in 2021.

In the fourth quarter, we recorded 5.1 million in charges related to the cybersecurity events that occurred in late November. This included 4.8 million in cost of goods sold, primarily related to costs and approximately 300,000 in SG&A expenses related to direct third-party fees. These costs are excluded from our adjusted operating income. Permanently lost net sales from the event are estimated at approximately $8 million. The team did a great job managing through this event, which temporarily impacted us for about a week in EAAA and two weeks in the U.S. As a result of our prior investments in cybersecurity, and the quick response from our team, there was minimal impact to our customers. Also in the fourth quarter, we recorded non-cash goodwill and intangible assets impairment charge of 36.2 million, primarily due to a decrease in the fair value versus carrying value as a result of the company’s decreased market capitalization, comparable company market multiples, projected future cash flows, and an increase in the weighted average cost of capital due to rising interest rates and prevailing capital market conditions.

This is a non-cash charge in keeping with pertinent accounting literature. As we close out 2022, our balance sheet remains strong. For the fourth quarter, Interface generated 28 million of cash from operating activities. For the year, we generated 43 million of cash from operating activities, which is lower than the prior year, primarily due to inventory inflation and cash collections that shifted from fiscal year 2022 to fiscal year 2023, due to timing of the November cyber events. Liquidity at year-end totaled 372 million, consisting of 97.6 million of cash and 274 million of revolver capacity. Net debt or total debt minus cash on hand was 422.6 million at the end of the fourth quarter, and adjusted EBITDA for 2022 was 176.1 million and our net leverage ratio was 2.4x calculated as net debt divided by adjusted EBITDA.

We continue to have confidence in our strong balance sheet and our capital structure. Capital expenditures were 18.4 million in 2022, compared to 28.1 million in 2021. For the full-year 2022, we repurchased 17.2 million of Interface common stock in accordance with our balanced capital allocation strategy. We remain focused on paying down debt, investing in the business, returning excess cash to our shareholders through a dividend and opportunistic share repurchases. Turning to our outlook, We entered 2023 with strong momentum that has continued thus far in the first quarter. As Laurel mentioned, demand for our products remained strong, and our business remains strong. However, we are cautious about 2023, given the considerable macroeconomic uncertainty, including ongoing inflation, and rising interest rates.

It is difficult to predict the duration of the current economic conditions or their potential impact on our industry. We’re also anticipating that adjusted gross profit margin will remain at current levels in the first half as we continue to work through the inflationary inventory on our balance sheet and return to a more normalized production and supply chain environment. Interface is successfully managed through key challenging periods and industry recessions and we believe we are strongly positioned to navigate through any macroeconomic environment that comes our way in 2023. As the company navigates through this uncertainty, it is anticipating for the first quarter of 2023, net sales of 290 million to 305 million, adjusted gross profit margin of approximately 34%, adjusted SG$A expenses of approximately 82 million, adjusted interest and other expenses of approximately 10 million, fully diluted weighted average share count of approximately 58.7 million share.

And for the full-fiscal year of 2023, year-over-year net sales growth of 1% to 5%, adjusted gross profit margin of 35%, adjusted SG&A expenses that are 25% to 25.5% of net sales, adjusted interest and other expenses of approximately 36 million and adjusted effective tax rate for the full-year of approximately 28.5%. And lastly, capital expenditures of approximately 32 million. By leveraging our strong financial foundation, our strong brand, and our highly differentiated products, we are confident in our ability to deliver on our mission. And with that, I’ll turn the call back to Laurel for concluding remarks.

Laurel Hurd: Thank you, Bruce. Overall, we had a strong year in 2022 and enter 2023 with positive momentum. We know where we need to focus to drive our success and we’re implementing the right strategy to support our ambition. Although macroeconomic uncertainty remains, we will continue to take actions to position Interface for long-term sustainable success. Our best days are ahead. And with that, I’ll open it up for questions. Operator?

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Q&A Session

Operator: Your first question comes from the line of Kathryn Thompson with Thompson Research Group. Your line is open.

Kathryn Thompson: Hi. Thank you for taking my questions today. Just two different questions. One is just the strategic initiatives that you outlined today. I appreciate the color you provided in the prepared commentary. Digging a little bit deeper in broad strokes, what changes do you or don’t you see changing from either a go to sales process or how you operate the company differentiated between your major regions in which you operate, namely North America, Europe, and Australia? Thank you.

Laurel Hurd: Great. Thanks, Kathryn. I’m excited about our new strategy and operating model. I see so much opportunity to build on the strong foundation that we have. And really to operate as one company to better leverage our scale. So, a couple of the changes that we’re making will reset the operating model to one global company, obviously supporting our local selling teams. So, currently, we have disaggregated resources around the globe. So, we have an opportunity to have greater impact by focusing on strong global functions. So, that’s one change that we’ll make. We’ll also reallocate our investments towards our biggest bet. So, looking really at the profitability of our markets, you know the U.S. is our largest and most profitable market and that’ll be the first choice for investment.

And our top priority as we reallocate those investments to fuel growth in the U.S. We have many other countries across Europe and Asia that really matter Germany, Australia, two very important markets for us that are delivering profitable growth, but we’re going to continue to prioritize and follow the money. So, we’ll have strong global functions and local selling teams and prioritize our investments.

Kathryn Thompson: Okay. Now these €“ if you were to just once again with those, presumably some are top line focused and then others are more margin, but gross margin SG&A focused. Of the strategy, where is the greater focus in terms of those buckets as we think about long-term profitability? And also, just any changes from a free cash generation?

Laurel Hurd: Sure. So, I’ll start with that and I can €“ Bruce, you can question. So, we’re really focused on profitable growth in our priority market. So, the U.S. again will be the biggest priority there. Also focused on margin expansion. Through global supply chain management and improved productivity, I’ll be adding a Chief Supply Chain Officer. We have really good work happening in all of our sites across the globe. What we have an opportunity to do is really leverage that knowledge and the actions of each site to attack and drive productivity globally. So that will be a focus for us. Our goal there is to get our margins back up to pre-COVID levels, 38.5% and then we’ll also focus on efficiencies from an SG&A perspective, again, investing in our big priority markets and continuing to take cost out of some of our other markets with an ambition to get our SG&A down to 23% over time.

2023 will be a transition year with that as we’re putting the operating model into effect.

Bruce Hausmann: Kathryn, I completely agree with everything that Laurel just said, and I liked how you divided that up between top line leverage and margin leverage. We’re going to continue leveraging our local selling system and our local selling teams on the ground. We just have such deep relationships with our customers and with our A&D community in our local markets, which is obviously one of our key competitive advantages. But if you think about the margin side, now like how €“ again how you differentiated that, we’re going to be utilizing shared resources to leverage and expand margins so that we can essentially use the same people processing systems around the globe in order to drive margin expansion in a really standardized way.

Kathryn Thompson: Okay, great. And just final cleanup question, Bruce this maybe more for you. Just in terms of inventory, so many companies are €“ have been €“ you’re a little bit different because you don’t carry inventory, but nonetheless there is some amount you have to manage it, particularly in terms of just raw materials. Where are you now in terms of the cost price? And have you mostly worked through, kind of that higher cost inventory in your system? Thank you.

Bruce Hausmann: Great question, Kathryn. I’m glad you’re asking for a double click down on inventory because when you look at that raw number on the balance sheet, it’s hard to understand it. Let me give you a couple of stats. Our units are flat year-over-year, which is good. We’ve done a great job at managing the quantity of inventory we have. The biggest year-over-year increase that you see is really inflation. And so, we do have inflationary inventory that we will €“ that will be flowing through the income statement in the first half and that is incorporated into our guide. The other piece that I would add around color around inventory is that we’ve been really focused on business continuity and making certain that our plants always have everything they need to meet customer demands.

And so, if you double-click down on our inventory, 29% of the €“ or I’m sorry, our raw materials are actually up 29% year-over-year and that has been a very, very purposeful initiative to make certain that we have everything we need. Obviously, as the supply €“ global supply chain gets into a greater equilibrium and into a more stabilized state. We will ease off of that and we’ll get into a more normalized environment around how many we keep on hand in order to ensure business continuity.

Kathryn Thompson: Okay, great. Thank you very much.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Keith Hughes with Truist.

Keith Hughes: Thank you. A couple of questions. On the fourth quarter, can you talk about what was unit and price? What did they contribute to the organic growth number?

Bruce Hausmann: Hey, Keith. Good morning. This is Bruce. In our fourth quarter, if you kind of double-click down on the growth components, we mostly grew on price. Volume was flat year-over-year in the fourth quarter. And if I’m guessing you’re going to ask about next year, we think that, yeah, that’s right. I know you’re going there. If you think about next year, I think you can €“ obviously, we don’t know for sure. But I would think about it in terms of, sort of a 70%-30% mix, probably 70% based on price, 30% based on volume. We’ve got a nice wraparound impact coming where we’ve put pricing into the market. And we’ll get the wraparound impact of that as we go into 2023.

Keith Hughes: Okay. Great. And then the first quarter, there’s another margin year-over-year gross margin step back, is that still cost well over price? Are there other contributions?

Bruce Hausmann: Keith, it’s actually €“ that is what I was referring to with Kathryn. It’s the inflationary inventory. As you’ll appreciate, it’s just the flow between raw materials going into manufacturing and then actually hitting the cost of goods sold line. It’s the flow. We had double-digit inflation that we incurred in our raws in 2022. The good news is that it has eased. Now, we’re anticipating single-digit inflation in 2023. And if you put all of that into the mix, again, this is guide. That’s what you’re seeing there is €“ you’re seeing that inflationary inventory flow through the cost of goods sold line in the first half.

Keith Hughes: Okay. And I guess a question for Laurel. You talked about SG&A, 23% long-term goal. You made a lot of nice progress on SG&A as a percentage of sales for the last couple of years, but as you €“ in your work stepping back, why are you stepping back in 2023? What are the drivers for that? And will 2024 begin to move down under the plan?

Laurel Hurd: Yes, it’s a great question. And we are stepping back, I will say that we’ll modify with the market as we have shown great discipline in SG&A, as you’ve said, over the past couple of years, really watching our dollars. We are wanting to make sure we make some investments for growth as we continue to fuel the growth, particularly in the U.S. market and driving innovation. One of the focuses that we have is new accelerating our product development in innovation. We’re preparing for NeoCon now. We got a lot of new innovation hitting the market, and we want to make sure we invest for the long-term. At the same time, as I said, as we put the operating model into effect, 2023 will be a transition year, and we do expect 2024 to step back down.

Bruce Hausmann: Yes, Keith, I’ll just add to what Laurel mentioned. There is no loss of focus on G&A guaranteed. And I think €“ and we appreciate all of your feedback around the progress we’ve made there. I can guarantee you this management team around the world is focused on every single SG&A dollar, every single SG&A initiative, and making certain that we don’t spend any dollar that’s not needed to fuel growth. We’ve got good SG&A to fuel growth. We’ve got bad SG&A that were €“ the so-called bad SG&A. By the way, people like me in finance are the so-called bad SG&A, but we’re doing everything we can to manage it very, very effectively.

Keith Hughes: Okay. And actually one more, if you allow me for Laurel. You talked about investing more of your dollars on the higher margin in the Americas business, which is a margin. What does that signal for the other regions? They’ve been margin underperformance for a long time. Does that signal a strategic change or is there a consideration of a strategic change to maybe not all of the EAAA, but at least parts of the EAAA medium-term?

Laurel Hurd: Yes, that’s a great question as well. And I’d say, we’ve been really scrutinizing the P&L country by country. And as Bruce said, our strategy right now is to focus on the profitable markets. So, there’s certainly more outside of the U.S. that continue to be very profitable for us, but we want to leverage our global scale and have shared resources helping support some of those markets to improve their profitability.

Bruce Hausmann: Yes, Keith, I’ll just add to what Laurel mentioned. We’re going to be differentially investing our next dollar in those higher-margin markets, where we can get the best return. And then we’re going to be €“ I’ll just reiterate what Laurel said, we’re going to be taking these shared resources so that we can leverage margin expansion in the other areas of the company where they can use shared resources to help improve their margins.

Keith Hughes: Okay. Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of David MacGregor with Longbow Research.

David MacGregor: Yes, good morning everyone. I guess I just wanted to be clear on, kind of the cadence you’re thinking about with respect to the performance targets under the new strategy. You characterized 2023 as a transition year, and then there were some comments around SG&A into 2024. The numbers you shared with us, the 38.5% gross margin, the 23% SG&A, are those numbers achievable in 2024 or how are you thinking about just the timing on this?

Laurel Hurd: Yes. Great question. I appreciate it. Look, this is a longer-term approach over the next, I’d say, three years. I don’t think we’ll get there in 2024. There’s so much uncertainty on 2023 right now, which is why we’re hesitant to put a pin in exactly what year that will happen. We expect to make significant progress in 2024 and it will probably take us another year.

Bruce Hausmann: David, I agree with everything Laurel said. It’s interesting. We’re trying to strike the balance of €“ we’ve got the pedal down to make sure that we expand the margin profile of the corporation. At the same time, we didn’t €“ folks like you do a really, really good job at scrutinizing and criticizing the numbers given the macroeconomic conditions. And we’re also very aware that, hey, it is a fact that global economic policies tightening around the world. And so, what we’re going to do is we’re going to continue tightening up the margin structure of the company and controlling everything that we can control, while also being really well aware of what’s going on in the macro environment. And we’re trying to be realists as we navigate through 2023. And as we take the company forward to grow the top line and to expand the margins.

David MacGregor: Great.. Laurel, if you think about, sort of Interface and how the company has evolved, initially from a carpet €“ modular carpet tile company, you added LVT, then there was the Nora acquisition. As you think about this new strategy, how do you think about your product portfolio right now? Are you contemplating within this? Maybe not initially, but at some point further into the program, adding other product categories and expanding the portfolio or are you satisfied with these three categories you have now? Maybe talk a little bit about the portfolio?

Laurel Hurd: Yes, it’s a great question. I love the portfolio that we have right now. We’ve done a really nice job, as you said, expanding LVT. We’re seeing some great success with selling the combination of carpet tile and LVT. Customers right now, especially in the office market, are really looking to add flexibility to their space. They’re not quite sure what their spaces are going to look like over time, and carpet tile is a great solution to add that flexibility to their space in combination with LVT. And then our Nora rubber business, as you said, is fantastic. It’s been a great way to diversify our portfolio and really growing nicely in the health care market. So, we like what we have today. Those carpet tile, LVT, and rubber are three core pillars of our growth long-term, but we’ll continue to look for opportunities as we move forward.

David MacGregor: Okay. And under this new strategy, just talk about, sort of the longer-term CapEx plan here. You’ve kind of been tracking around the $30 million level. You went through the project there for a few years. And it came up the other side. $18 million last year seems like it probably bounced down on a maintenance level. How capital intensive is this are you contemplating at some point as you execute the strategy, having to address capacity and make bigger investments?

Bruce Hausmann: David, you probably saw our guide. Our CapEx guide for the year is 32 million. We are in really, really nice shape around not having to invest an additional, I would say, incremental CapEx above maintenance for the foreseeable future. As you mentioned, we’ve done some big investments in our plants. And so, the chapter that we’re in is, we are going to optimize and leverage those investments that we’ve made in the past, which is a great position to be in. And I think if I were to put a number in a model, sort of long-term, we generally think about maintenance CapEx being around 2.5% to 3% of net sales, which is pretty close to our guide. And we think that being on this maintenance CapEx program for the foreseeable future is going to be able to help us achieve our strategy and hit our goals.

David MacGregor: Okay. And can you talk about your expected cash conversion in 2023? I guess, working capital being the bigger variable in there. And just you mentioned in passing, I think, Bruce, you made the comment that as you think about debt, you want to repay debt, that was a priority within your capital allocation. My recollection is that your debt is largely term debt. Are you talking about debt repayment and what the options might be for you there?

Bruce Hausmann: Yes. Great question. I will start by saying we do have a balanced capital allocation strategy. However, our Number 1 objective is to pay down debt. And that’s where we’re mostly focused, especially as we enter into 2023 followed closely behind to that is obviously investing in the business and one €“ and that’s €“ and that’s the 32-ish million that I just mentioned of CapEx and obviously, making sure that we fund initiatives that the business needs to be funded with in order to achieve its growth. And again, that’s all baked into our guide. We €“ if you think about cash, I think that there’s going to be some €“ our cash flow should be a lot stronger in 2023 than it was in 2022. And there’s two things that, kind of €“ that impacted it in 2022.

One was we had inflationary inventory. And again, that was about $33 million of the inventory balance that’s sitting on the balance sheet at the end of the year was all inflationary. So that was a one-time use of working capital going from 2021 to 2022. The other thing that’s kind of interesting, I’m not sure if you heard this in our prepared remarks was that we had that cyber event in November. And so, some of our billings in November shifted into December, which meant some of our cash collections shifted from 2022 to 2023. So, all of that is good news for cash flow in 2023, and all of that will help us in 2023 from a cash perspective.

David MacGregor: And what is achievable in terms of debt repayment? I mean, you’ve talked about that at, sort of high-level terms, but I wonder if I could push you to be a little more specific about your goals there?

Bruce Hausmann: Yes. We €“ well, I think that our lever €“ we think about it in terms of net leverage ratio. We would like our net leverage ratio to €“ we like it when it starts in the low 2s in an environment like this, where we like the idea of getting it just below 2 as well, 2x net leverage. And that’s really how we think about that number, less about the raw number of it and more about what is our net leverage ratio going to be as a corporation.

David MacGregor: Great. Thanks very much for taking my questions.

Bruce Hausmann: Thank you.

Operator: There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call back over to Laurel Hurd for closing remarks.

Laurel Hurd: Great. Thank you, and thanks to everyone for listening. Thanks to all of our associates around the world for all of their work every day, and thanks to all of our customers for their continued support.

Operator: This concludes today’s call. You may now disconnect.