With respect to external factors, of course, as I said, COVID is the biggest swing factor here, which unfortunately we do not have much control over. But however long it may take for the dating sentiment to ultimately come back, eventually, we’re going to come completely out of it and the social sentiment is going to come back. So what we need to focus on right now is internally what we can do so we can better capture the growth opportunities post COVID when the sentiment does come back. On that front, we are looking at several drivers that we need to work on. One is new product launches that may drive ARPU growth. For example, the chat room and some other social entertainment services that we’re working on. A lot of these will be structured as non-subscription revenues, which will be more effective in driving top line growth than subscription revenues.
The second internal driver is of course MAU growth. COVID aside, we do expect the MAU to bottom out after Chinese New Year especially as the COVID fear gradually tails out, and as MAU gradually comes back, top-line is going to recover as well. So, these are the few things that I can share at this point in time to help you build the Tantan model next year.
Ashley Jing: Next question please.
Operator: Thank you. Our next question comes from Daniel Chen at JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Unidentified Analyst: Okay. Thanks management for taking a question. This is Henry speaking on behalf of Daniel Chen. I have two questions. First, could you share the progress of new apps and overseas business and what’s your revenue expectation for the next year? The second question is about TieTie, what is the progress of TieTie and can management share more color on marketing and monetization strategies? Thank you.
Tang Yan: We have increased our focus on investment in our overseas businesses since last year. And this is because with our product and operational experiences. We can access a larger group of users and greater revenue opportunities in overseas markets. And in terms of social products, overseas expansion, we have very obvious competitive advantage compared with standalone local apps or large platforms lacking experiences in social space. We will pursue ROI-oriented marketing strategy and explore the most suitable model for local markets one at a time, and we will not be pouring money into the market — into marketing to pursue user growth regardless of cost. Our overseas business consists of three parts, Tantan, standalone social apps and standalone gaming apps.
Revenue from our overseas business this year accounted for mid single-digit percentage of our total revenue. Revenue from the overseas business for the first three quarters increased high double-digit percentage from the same period last year and achieved a small profit. Our plan is to reinvest the profit from each product in the established market into the promotion of that product in new markets. Especially with many developing countries that share a lot of commonalities, we will try to explore opportunities across the North. Tietie delivered rapid user growth since this launch after Chinese New Year this year. And we stepped up our marketing efforts to support is a strong growth momentum in the second quarter, and it now has become a social app with a sizable user scale.
And the current focus of our team is to encourage users to invite more of their friends to join Tietie and increase their time spend on the app together. So we will take a relatively conservative approach to marketing investment before we achieve these two targets. As for now, we have no plans for Tietie to expand overseas, but we will not rule out this possibility when it gets into a more mature stage.
Ashley Jing: Next question please.
Operator: Thank you. And our next question comes from Raphael Chen with BOCI. Please go ahead.
