Ulrike Gnad-Vogt: Yes. So thank you for that question. So indeed, this is a tough cancer but also an indication with very high unmet needs and where we see a potential clinical window of opportunity to apply vaccination at a point in time where patients have completed the surgical resection and standard of care radiation therapy that’s a point in time where the tumor is being controlled or the residual tumor is limited. And here we see still space for vaccines to make an impact in the future. We will also invest in discovery of new and additional antigens in that indication as tests elaborated, and also look for potential to apply combination treatments with potentially synergistic agents to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Franz-Werner Haas: Perhaps also on top to say that with the technological advancements we’ve been doing over the last few months even, this multi-epitope approach certainly can be covered by mRNA from a technology point of view.
Ulrike Gnad-Vogt: Exactly.
Zhiqiang Shu: Got it. And then second question on your proprietary non-pegylated LNP, I guess just looking at the data you released on Page 16, it looks like the humoral activity is high in neutralizing antibody titers. Does that protein expression from the mRNA based on your new LNP formulation?
Ulrike Gnad-Vogt: Sorry, could you repeat the question? You were breaking up there for a minute.
Zhiqiang Shu: Sure. Sorry. On Slide 16, some of the data on non-pegylated LNP formulation and I think you showed — just looking at three panels, you showed the neutralizing antibody titers are higher based on your new technology. I wonder does that mean the mRNA protein expression is higher using your new formulation.
Ulrike Gnad-Vogt: Exactly, they are higher. And this is a trend that we see. And we consider this a positive trend but at the moment, nothing more than a trend. You see that — it’s a nice one because you see that the interferon gamma and interferon alpha is very much comparable. But yes, there is a tendency to slightly higher neutralizing antibody titers.
Zhiqiang Shu: Do you envision this to be used in the cancer vaccine platform or more on the infectious disease franchise?
Franz-Werner Haas: So we see that this is an improvement of the LNPs and certainly that’s exactly the franchises we have; the one is oncology, prophylactic vaccines, and then also molecular therapy. And that’s exactly what we are investigating. So we see this as part of our technology, and then to be applied or even optimized in the field where it’s going to be used. But certainly oncology is a field, even though we start — what Ulrike was saying before, we start with the available LNPs, which are on the vaccines at the moment. Certainly, we will bring our own LNPs then into exactly these different areas, and oncology certainly is core.
Zhiqiang Shu: Great. Thanks very much. Congrats.
Operator: Our next question comes from Luisa Morgado with Kempen . Please proceed.
Unidentified Analyst: Hi. Thanks for taking my question. I just have one. For the cancer vaccines, what do you predict will be the ratio for the off shelf or personalized cancer vaccines?
Franz-Werner Haas: You mean the ratio between in numbers of — because we’re developing both and developing trials for each of those approaches. And they are under development, but they will both be developed in full. And as was pointed out in the introduction, we see — but that’s a long-term view, of course, that there will be patient groups which one will be applicable and patient groups for which the other one will be, let’s say, required because by an off the shelf, you cannot reach enough, and I think is space for both. Does that answer your question?
Unidentified Analyst: Yes. Do you have any, maybe any idea what is the percentage of one and the other in terms of number of patients that will need it?
