BCE Inc. (NYSE:BCE) Q1 2024 Earnings Call Transcript

BCE Inc. (NYSE:BCE) Q1 2024 Earnings Call Transcript May 2, 2024

BCE Inc. reports earnings inline with expectations. Reported EPS is $0.53 EPS, expectations were $0.53. BCE Inc. isn’t one of the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds at the end of the third quarter (see the details here).

Operator: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the BCE Q1 2024 Results Conference Call. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Mr. Thane Fotopoulos. Please go ahead, Mr. Fotopoulos.

Thane Fotopoulos: Thank you, Matthew, and good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining our call. I’m here, as usual, with Mirko Bibic, President and CEO of BCE; and our CFO, Curtis Millen. You can find all of our Q1 disclosure documents on the Investor Relations page of the bce.ca website, which we posted earlier this morning. Before we begin, I want to draw your attention to our Safe Harbor statement on Slide 2, reminding you that today’s slide presentation and remarks made during the call will include forward-looking information, and therefore, are subject to risks and uncertainties. Results could differ materially. We disclaim any obligation to update forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Please refer to BCE’s publicly filed documents for more details on our assumptions and risks. With that, I turn the call over to Mirko.

Mirko Bibic: Thank you, Thane, and good morning, everyone. So, backed by the Bell team’s consistent execution, leading networks and products and cost discipline, we effectively navigated a dynamic competitive environment and a sluggish economy to achieve operational results in line with our internal plan for the quarter. And as expected, and as we profiled in our quarterly budget at the start of the year, revenue was down slightly year-over-year. This was the result of a favorable one-time revenue adjustment at Bell Media in Q1 of 2023 that did not repeat this year and some marginal revenue loss at the source as certain stores began their transition to Best Buy Express, which we’ve discussed in the past. Normalizing for these two items, revenue was basically flat this quarter.

Notably, adjusted EBITDA and margin for Q1 were higher than forecasted. BCE’s margin expanded 0.8 percentage points to 42.7%, which demonstrates the team’s focus on driving operational efficiencies across the organization, realigning costs to address near-term competitive and economic pressures, and effectively balancing growth with profitability in a highly competitive marketplace. So, in terms of operating results, fiber continues to be on a roll. We’re gaining share in all our markets because we have a superior product with a symmetrical speed advantage over cable and that drove our best Q1 retail internet net additions in 17 years, and it contributed to a 22% year-over-year increase in households subscribing to mobility and internet service bundles where we have fiber.

On wireless, we did a great job striking the right balance between volume growth and economics in what was a very competitive Q1. This is evidenced by strong growth in total gross mobile phone activations, which increased 25% over last year, together with healthy consumer service revenue growth of 4%, reflecting our focus on premium brand customer loadings and careful price plan management. Of note, our industry is delivering the highest quality services at decreasing prices despite persistent inflation. The latest StatsCan data shows that the price of all goods and services in aggregate across the Canadian economy has increased 2.9% over the past year, while the costs of cellular and internet access services have declined 26.2% and 15.5%, respectively, and this downward trend was also corroborated by this week’s Federal Government annual price study.

And we’re continuing to bring more affordable wireless options to Canadians. Bell recently entered into a retail partnership with Loblaw to launch no name mobile in No Frills grocery stores across the country, which is being powered by PC Mobile and will run on Bell’s network. In business enterprise, we’re continuing to invest in new IT products and services to significantly advance our capabilities in the growth vectors I’ve been talking about recently, namely cloudification, security, and managed automation. And the growth strategy has accelerated with our acquisition of FX Innovation last year and partnerships with ServiceNow, Google, Microsoft, AWS and Palo Alto Networks. You can see it in our results. In fact, when excluding the favorable acquisition impact of FX Innovation, our business solutions services revenue grew 12% organically this quarter.

Building on this, we recently announced new partnerships with Microsoft to bring Bell’s voice network to Microsoft Teams and with SentinelOne, a global leader in AI-powered security to provide advanced data protection services for Canadian businesses. And just a couple of weeks ago, we announced the launch of Google Cloud Contact Centre AI, which is a cutting-edge suite of AI solutions for contact center transformations that enables intelligent customer and agent experience leveraging generative AI-infused technology. These are just the latest building blocks in strengthening Bell’s position as a tech services leader for enterprise customers in Canada. I’ll turn now to media. We have weathered near-term pressures relatively better than peers, as you can see by positive year-over-year advertising revenue growth for Bell Media this quarter, and underpinning this result are Bell Media’s leading assets and our focus on live sports content.

And more importantly, we’re the only Canadian media company that’s pivoting to digital at scale, which is reflected in the impressive 72% increase in digital ad revenue in Q1. This strong performance was fueled by Bell Media’s programmatic advertising marketplace, where growing customer usage of our expanded SAM TV sales tool led to a doubling of revenue this quarter, as well as by ad-supported subscription tiers on Crave and our addressable TV functionality. And investments to sustain this strategic shift to digital are continuing with an expanded distribution footprint for Crave on Amazon Prime Video, where initial sales have been very strong. And the recent launch of 10 fast channels spanning news, sports and entertainment. I’m now going to turn to Slide 5 of our presentation.

We added 45,247 new net postpaid mobile phone subscribers. That’s up 4.5% from last year and that represents our best Q1 performance in six years. It’s a strong result considering the competitive environment where we balance market share with economics, demonstrating our network quality and distribution and brand strength, rather than promotional discounting to drive the subscriber acquisition. And this disciplined approach can be seen in ARPU result as well, which remains stable year-over-year. It’s a good outcome, especially in light of the more aggressive pricing we saw in the market during the quarter. Further expansion of our 5G customer base is also helping us to support ARPU. At the end of Q1, 56% of all postpaid customers were on 5G capable devices and that’s up from 44% last year.

Now over to wireline. It was another strong RGU quarter. We delivered our highest Q1 retail internet net ads since 2007, up 13.9% versus last year to 31,078. In particular, we saw very strong market share growth in Quebec. Moreover, where we have fiber, our bundle sales continue to grow and they exceed our internal budget targets. In Q1 alone, new customers subscribing to mobility and internet service bundles increased 39% year over year. It was also another very good quarter for Bell IPTV, which added 14,174 net new subscribers. That’s up 30% from last year. This strong performance reflects the pull-through benefit of fiber internet, our TV product leadership and our strategy of making content available where the consumer demands it as evidenced by our five app streaming service, which delivered its highest number of Q1 activations since launch.

In rounding out our wireline subscriber results, home phone net loss has improved 6.3%, reflecting fewer customer deactivations as that customer base gets smaller over time. And also note that starting this quarter, we are no longer reporting satellite TV subscribers as that business is not financially material in the overall context of BCE. Lastly, turning to Bell Media. As I’ve already mentioned, total advertising revenue is up year-over-year on the strength of digital, marking our first quarter of growth since Q4 2022. And although Q1 was better than we anticipated, the ad market improvement is expected to be uneven. Digital revenues increased 33%, now comprise 41% of media revenues, compared to 29% last year and underpinning the strong result with strong growth in usage of our programmatic ad marketplace, as well as continued expansion of our Crave direct-to-consumer streaming subscriber base.

TSN and RDS maintain their number one rankings in Q1, thanks in part to this year’s Super Bowl, which had record ad sales and viewership, underscoring the value of premium content to advertisers. CTV also remained Canada’s top network in winter, while on the French-language side, Bell Media led all competitors in the entertainment and pay specialty market, and Noovo continued to grow market share with full-day audiences, increasing 4% over Q1 of last year. In summary, our performance this quarter reflects a focused company in the midst of transition with financial results for Q1 that were on plan. We remain laser-focused on day-to-day execution to serve our customers, to grow subscribers profitably and to prudently manage costs as we said we would at the beginning of the year.

And with that, I’m going to turn the call over to Curtis, who will provide more details on our financial results.

Curtis Millen: Thank you, Mirko, and good morning, everyone. I’ll begin on Slide 7 with BCE’s consolidated financial results. Adjusted EBITDA was up 1.1%, which drove an 80.1% and for back to the 2% reduction in operating costs. Total revenue was down 0.7%. If you adjust for the one-time retro benefit of Bell Media last year and loss of revenue from source this year, revenue was up. We’ve actioned a number of costs and efficiency initiatives, including a sizable workforce restructuring that remains on track to generate in-year savings of $150 million to $200 million. Of this total, only a small amount was realized in Q1. As these OpEx benefits ramp up progressively and are fully realized, we anticipate stronger EBITDA growth in the back half of 2024.

Despite higher EBITDA, net earnings declined in Q1, reflecting a large severance charge related to the workforce restructuring, as well as a non-cash mark-to-market equity derivative loss due to the decrease in BCE’s share price this quarter. Consistent with our guidance assumptions for the year, adjusted EPS was down versus last year. This was the result of higher financing costs, increased depreciation and amortization expense due to a higher capital asset base and over $50 million in gains from sale of land in Q1 of 2023 related to our real estate optimization strategy. In line with our plan to reduce capital investments by $500 million in 2024, CapEx was down $84 million this quarter. The year-over-year quarterly step-down in spending will be more pronounced for the rest of the year as we advance spending in Q1, given favorable construction conditions this winter.

Our Q1 free cash flow was flat compared to last year, reflecting higher EBITDA, lower CapEx and a related positive change in working capital attributable due to lower supplier payments. These factors were offset by the timing of cash tax installments and severance paid to employees who departed the company in Q1. Turning to Bell CTS on Slide 8. Service revenue was fueled by some of the highest Q1 mobile phone and retail internet net subscriber loadings in years, which drove both wireless and residential internet revenue growth of 3%. We also saw continued business solutions strength supported by our acquisition of FX Innovation. When excluding the favorable impact of that acquisition, business solutions revenue still grew a strong 12% organically.

Great result that speaks to our market momentum in the key growth areas of cloud-based computing, managed automation and security solutions. However, overall revenue performance in the quarter was moderated by aggressive wireless rate plan pricing and higher residential service bundle discounts, reflecting a more intense competitive market environment compared to last year. Wireline product revenue was down notably this quarter, decreasing 35% as sales volumes normalized following an exceptional year in 2023 due to the global supply chain recovery. CTS EBITDA grew 1.7% yielding a 45.5% margin. That’s an increase of 70 points over last year and the direct result of our focus on cost management and disciplined customer growth. Over to Bell Media on Slide 9.

Total advertising revenue was up 1.6%. This performance, it was better than our peers, can be attributed in large part to Bell Media’s diversified asset mix, which comprises out-of-home and radio properties that return to growth this quarter, premium programming such as live sports content and strong execution of our digital-first media strategy. Notwithstanding the advertising improvement, total media revenue was down 7.1% and EBITDA decreased 11.4% due mainly to the one-time retroactive subscriber fee adjustment in Q1 of 2023. Excluding this one-time item, Q1 EBITDA was up 15% over last year. Notably, OpEx was down 6.2% in Q1 mainly on restructuring cost savings and lower TV programming costs. However, content costs are expected to increase in future quarters with the normalization of content deliveries from the major U.S. studios now that the Hollywood strikes have been settled.

Turning to Slide 10. Our balance sheet is healthy with $4.7 billion of available liquidity and pension plan solvency surpluses totaling close to $3.9 billion at the end of Q1. Our debt maturity schedule also remains well-structured with an average term-to-maturity of approximately 13.2 years and an after-tax cost of debt that remains below current interest rates at around 3.2%. In February, we took advantage of strong market conditions to tap the U.S. public debt markets, raising the Canadian equivalent of approximately $1.9 billion, which effectively completed our refinancing requirements for 2024 maturities. Our leverage ratio remains manageable at 3.6 times adjusted EBITDA. We updated our internal target leverage policy to 3 times adjusted EBITDA.

We believe this new target objective is reflective of our operational size and strength, an optimized cost of capital, and is aligned with the expectations of stable. While currently in excess of this level, it is consistent with a strong balance sheet, ample financial flexibility and investment-grade credit rates. To wrap up on Slide 11, we remain confident in our proven ability to deliver under any circumstances, backed by the best networks and products, our digital transformation journey, consistent operational execution and cost discipline. With Q1 consolidated financial results that met our internal plan, I’m reconfirming all our financial guidance targets for 2024. I will now turn the call back over to Thane for the operator to begin the Q&A portion of this.

Thane Fotopoulos: Thanks, Curtis. So, before we start, I want to remind everyone that due to time constraints this morning because of our Annual General Meeting that’s taking place right after this call, to please limit yourselves to one question and a brief follow-up, so that we can get to as many in the queue as possible. With that, Matthew, we’re ready to take our first question.

Operator: Thank you. The first question is from Tim Casey from BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

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Q&A Session

Tim Casey: Yeah. Thanks. Good morning. Mirko, could you talk a little bit about margins as they flow through the quarter, because it looked like you had some pretty good cost control, but in light of your comments that the benefits of the restructure are not really in the numbers yet, how should we think about that kind of cadence through the rest of the year? Thanks.

Mirko Bibic: Thank you, Tim, for the question, and good morning. I’m going to pass it over to Curtis to answer it for you.

Curtis Millen: Yeah. Hi, Tim. And as you said, two things. So I do think the team did a pretty good job of driving margin expansion in Q1, as you mentioned, in this competitive pricing environment and you’re correct. So the workforce restructuring is underway. It’s not complete, but we haven’t seen much of a benefit yet in Q1. So the estimate on our side is that as we continue to kind of finish that project, we’ll continue to ramp up some cost savings over time.

Mirko Bibic: And I’d add that, it was a bit of a separate issue, but related to managing the business carefully and with a particular focus on margins. We talked last — on the last call about some of the transformation initiatives that have been underway for a couple of years and that will not stop, that are intended to drive results right now, but keep improving as we go on. It’s largely about digitizing and automating. And we were going to continue to accelerate that transformation, whether or not it’s moving all core consumer products to a single ordering and billing architecture, improving the customer experience through digital platforms, things like virtual repair and customer self-install, using generative AI as best we can to offer better — offer and rate plan personalization, all these things. We’re going to continue to do, Tim, to have a very, very sharp focus on margins.

Tim Casey: Thank you.

Thane Fotopoulos: Next question, please.

Operator: Thank you. The next question is from Maher Yaghi from Scotiabank. Please go ahead.

Maher Yaghi: Great. Thank you for taking my question. Mirko, I wanted to ask you a general view on wireless in Canada. We’ve seen churn ramp up really significantly over the last couple of quarters. More and more customers are BYOD and are taking advantage of the very strong offers you guys are making in the marketplace. Longer term, what’s your view if churn remains elevated like this, how that will impact your overall wireless margins and the cost to operate in that business? And more specifically, can you discuss what’s causing that churn elevation? Is it specific to any provinces and how you’re doing in Quebec in wireless? Thank you.

Mirko Bibic: Yeah. Thank you for the question, Maher. It’s actually a really good question and it’s — the churn issue is, I mean, I said this last quarter as well, I believe that it’s concerning for sure, and because of that, it remains an area of focus. But before I dive into kind of giving specific answers to the elements of your question, just take a step back on how we are operating in this highly competitive wireless marketplace. We delivered our best postpaid result for Q1 in six years in a lower price environment, where we continue to drive consumer wireless service revenue growth at 4%, better product margins, and that what — that tells you is that as we execute, we’re not overspending to deliver the results that investors expect of us.

So we’re going after the right loadings. The majority of our wireless loadings are on the Bell brand. And at the same time, we’ve seen very strong flanker growth on Virgin Plus. So we are managing all the levers very well and we’re going after the bundled household, which is something I highlighted in my opening remarks. That’s because with a bundled household, we get better churn result and better lifetime value. So, back to the specific elements of your question now. I think you’ve identified it right now in the near-term and in the near past. You’ve seen a customer that is feeling the pinch from a struggling economy and shopping for deals. You have an aggressive price activity by certain of our competitors in the marketplace.

So that’s encouraging consumers to switch from amongst those carriers. So those carriers are basically swapping customers and I’m not sure anyone is particularly winning. So that’s why we’re saying we’re going to take a different approach, which is to focus on the premium loadings and on the household bundles. Over time, you asked me about in the long-term, we’re going to continue doing what we’re doing. So it’s the premium product, premium loading strategy, it’s the household bundling, it’s better personalization, continuing to drive a better customer experience, which has been a core focus of ours for the last four years or five years, and I think it’s working. You can see it again in the latest CCTS results. And the last thing I’ll say, as we have by far the best Internet product in the marketplace, customers who are choosing fiber churn at a lower rate, customers who are on gig plus speeds are churning at a lower rate, and customers who are buying gig plus speeds and mobility from us are churning at a lower rate.

So that’s how we’re going to continue to manage this. Oh, on Quebec, thank you.

Maher Yaghi: Yes. And maybe…

Mirko Bibic: Yeah. Go ahead, Maher.

Maher Yaghi: …market please. Just on the…

Mirko Bibic: Yeah. So on the Quebec — yeah. So on the Quebec market, thank you for that. I did reference that in my opening statement as well, in my opening remarks as well. So we’re deploying everything that I said. We’re certainly executing the same playbook in the province of Quebec and seeing the results. And fiber is on, fiber in Quebec has been the star of the show for Q1. Our fiber Internet net ads were like very, very strong in the province of Quebec and there is — we’ve punched through now in terms of creating a general consumer awareness that fiber is better than cable, and that comes through the promotional work that we’ve been doing, both in terms of advertising and in terms of pricing. Our distribution has been quite strong.

So when you have the better product, very strong distribution, a very focused strategy on winning the household and you’re communicating that. And, again, I’m going to go back to customer experience. Our NPS results in the province of Quebec have improved significantly and then you’re seeing that in our subscriber results. So, again, Quebec on fiber Internet, the star of the show this quarter.

Maher Yaghi: Thank you.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question is from David Barden from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

David Barden: Hey, guys. Thank you so much for taking that question. I guess if I could just start the — I noticed in the release you guys have changed your assumption for ARPU growth for 2024 from decelerating growth to a decline and yet in the first quarter you were able to hold ARPU flat year-over-year. We noticed that it does seem that pricing activity in the market has relented a little bit. So could you talk about kind of how you expect the pricing environment to maybe evolve over the course of the year that would get you to that kind of assumption of negative ARPU growth? And then if I could just do a quick follow-up, which is it’s a weird time in the world to be raising leverage targets, Mirko. Could you talk about why now is the right time to stop trying to get to 2 times to 2.5 times and why 3 times is now the goal line? Thanks.

Mirko Bibic: Okay. Thank you. Thank you, David. On ARPU, just a reflection of the fact that we’re in the lowest pricing environment basically in the history of wireless in Canada. And so — but we are — that’s kind of what you’re getting from us in terms of the release with ARPU on the references to ARPU and we’ve got a very dynamic pricing environment. It’s in flux. It’s still too early to make a call fully on the direction of ARPU. I think you have seen some stabilization on pricing in the past couple of weeks, as you’ve mentioned, but we don’t know how long that’s going to last. So it’s a bit related to the question that Maher asked me, which is we’re going to continue to focus on the premium subscriber loadings and on the bundling in order to generate kind of good household revenue and improve the lifetime value of the bundled customer.

That’s how we’re going to approach it. So I’d say a little bit of focus on service revenue, given that we’re operating in a pricing environment that we can’t fully control. And on leverage, I’ll turn it over to Curtis.

Curtis Millen: Yeah. Thanks, David, for the question. And as you noted, we did update our leverage target to 3.0 times, and as you say, it’s an increase, but frankly, we’re at 3.6 times. That, I would say, is a scale-dated policy. 3 times leverage we think is appropriate. It does reflect strong investment-grade credit ratings. And the other thing I’ll note is at the time we instituted that original policy, we had a significant pension deficit and we’re now looking at a pension surplus that’s north of $3 billion. So we think it’s appropriate for our size and strength.

David Barden: Okay. Helpful color. Thank you, guys.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question is from Aravinda Galappatthige from Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead.

Mirko Bibic: Aravinda?

Aravinda Galappatthige: You’ve noted 3%.

Mirko Bibic: Oh! Aravinda, could you — Aravinda, sorry to interrupt, but we didn’t hear you. You have to start again.

Aravinda Galappatthige: Okay. Okay. I’ll repeat it. So the main questions on Internet revenue growth, you’ve noted 3%, which seems a bit lower than I think the number that you’ve been citing in your presentations in the last couple of quarters. Maybe just talk to that element. I know that there were some price adjustments that happened in the beginning of the year. I’m not sure how exactly the timing of that plays out, perhaps it sort of steps up again in Q2, but I wanted to get some thoughts on that. And a quick follow-up, Mirko, on your business solutions, organic growth number. Can you — are you able to give us a sense of how much of a base we’re talking about so we can assess the significance of it?

Mirko Bibic: So on — thank you for that. On the Internet revenue growth, it’s — my answer is going to be along the same lines as a couple of answers I’ve already given, Aravinda. It’s that Internet revenue growth reflects the impact of residential service bundle discounts as we pursue a household bundling strategy. We’re also focused, and I’ve been very, very transparent over many quarters about this next point. We are focused where we are under-penetrated in our fiber market share. We’re going to be focused on loading the network and make sure that we get the share that we deserve, given the superiority of our product. And one of the geographies where we’ve traditionally been under-penetrated has been in the province of Quebec and that is changing.

So you’re seeing the impacts of that strategy, which I’ve been very clear about for some time. But the bundle discounts that are having a temporary impact on revenue do drive better subscriber lifetime value, which I’ve also mentioned and its improved retention long-term. So it has a positive churn impact. So that’s the story, really, on the Internet revenue growth. I’m very pleased. I’m pleased with the market share gains we’re making in the one province. I’m pleased with the market share that we’ve been able to achieve over time in the other geographies. And I’m very happy with the success of the bundling strategy, which is something we’ve highlighted in the materials this morning.

Curtis Millen: And the business solutions revenue, it’s pretty significant. It would be over $500 million annually.

Aravinda Galappatthige: Thank you. That’s helpful.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question is from Stephanie Price from CIBC World Markets. Please go ahead.

Stephanie Price: Yeah. I was hoping you could give us an update on the restructuring in terms of the timing of the cost synergies and how we should think about them rolling out through the year. And upside you see as you continue to do the restructuring and look to that?

Curtis Millen: Yeah. Hi, Stephanie. Thanks for the question. So as mentioned in the prepared remarks, so we’ve executed a good portion of the workforce restructuring, but not all of it and we haven’t captured much of anything in terms of benefits in Q1. So, I’d say, it’s a little bit lumpy but grows over time, and given more than half has already taken place, I’d assume it’s fair to assume that next quarter we’ll start seeing kind of a proportionate upside in that kind of space. And then as the program terminates across the end of the year, it continues to ramp up, if that’s helpful for you.

Stephanie Price: That is. Thank you. And then just on the partnership with Google Cloud that was announced to power their AI contact centers, just curious how we should think about opportunities around managed services for BCE and maybe more broadly how we should think about opportunities in the enterprise business at this point?

Mirko Bibic: Yeah. So we’re adopting a strategy in the enterprise marketplace where the innovative deployments that we’re — well, the innovative solutions that we’re deploying internally to improve our business as part of our internal transformation, we are — we intend to go to market and generate revenue with our customers. So as we undertake our own pretty significant digital transformation, the expertise we’re developing as a result of that, we’re then going to monetize with our large enterprise customer base. So the Google Cloud Contact Centre AI is one perfect example of that. We’re deploying that solution and that infrastructure internally at Bell to improve the customer experience and we’re also partnering with Google on a go-to-market basis.

So over time, that’s going to — that’s an example of how we’re going to continue to organically grow our business solutions revenues and we have other examples. And ServiceBridge would be — with ServiceNow is another very good example. The SentinelOne example from my opening remarks would be a third example. But that’s now a significant part of the Bell business market strategy.

Stephanie Price: Thank you very much.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question is from Sebastiano Petti from JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Sebastiano Petti: Hi. Thank you. Just one question on business wireless for a second. I mean, Mirko, you talked about some of the different levers that are perhaps from a competitive perspective impacting maybe the consumer side. Any update perhaps you can give us in what you’re seeing from a business perspective, whether it’s some lines being perhaps — maybe some competition or maybe some lines being dropped because of workforce rationalization from some of your peers there in Canada? And then separately on the leverage target, I mean, at 3.6 times today, any view in terms of the glide path down to that 3.0 times over time? And then one last housekeeping question. Mirko, I think, you talked about 22% increase in bundled subs on the fiber and wireless where fiber is available.

And I think, if I’m not mistaken, Quebec I think is a 39% increase. Maybe you can update us on where those numbers were perhaps maybe a year ago as we kind of think about the success that you’ve seen in this converged bundle strategy over the last 12 months or so? Thank you.

Mirko Bibic: Okay. So on the last question in terms of the bundled — the percentage increases in bundled households by geography, I’ll probably leave that to Thane for another time.