Ruth Porat: Oh, I would just say from Sundar’s opening comments, it’s just the ongoing momentum that we’ve seen in the business that we’ve been talking about, the ongoing growth, the strong performance, and so what we were really getting at in that comment, what Sundar was getting at is that we’ve continued to build strong businesses over time, and that just helps dimension it. We had similar comments last quarter when you talk about our subscription business. We’re really proud of all the work that teams are doing across the company building new strong opportunities delivering for users, for customers, for advertisers in profound ways and so it was just helping to dimension what we have built over the years.
Operator: Our next question comes from Ken Gawrelski with Wells Fargo.
Ken Gawrelski: Thank you very much. Two, if I may. First on GCP, you had a nice acceleration in the quarter. Could you talk a little bit about the opportunities and constraints upon GCP’s ability to continue to address that large addressable market and accelerate growth? Is it more sales? Is it more product of solutions or both? Do you plan to address most of these organically or could a partner approach work for you? And then the second one, just more detail on YouTube and sports rights. Could you reiterate your view on further live sports rights? There is some larger mostly in the US league right it’s coming soon and will be more over the next several years. Could you just talk about your philosophy there beyond NFL Sunday ticket? Thank you.
Sundar Pichai: Thanks. Look, on the Cloud side, obviously, it’s definitely a point of inflection overall. I think the AI transformation is making everyone think about their whole stack and engaged in a number of conversations. I think AI infrastructure, people really looking to Vertex AI, given our depth and breadth of model choice, or using workspace to transform productivity in your workplace, et cetera. So I think the opportunities there are all related to that, both all the work we have built up and AI being a point of inflection in terms of driving conversations. I think you will see us do it both organically and with a strong partner program as well. So we’ll do it with a combination. And the challenges here always, there are switching costs to cloud and the challenges we see is how do we make it easier for people.
There’s a lot of interest, but there’s definitely barriers in terms of people switching. And so that’s an area where we are constantly investing to make it easier for our customers.
Philipp Schindler: And with regard to your sports rights question, look, I mean, we’ve had long standing and significant partnerships with the most popular sports league here in the US around the globe, Federation’s teams, athletes, broadcasters, and obviously these partnerships in combination with a very vast audience of sports fans drives investment and subscription experiences across many offerings, NFL Sunday ticket, YouTube TV, YouTube primetime channels and so on. But there’s nothing that we have to announce at the moment. We’re obviously always looking at where we can create more value for users, for advertisers, for creators, but nothing specific to talk about at this moment.
Operator: Our next question comes from Ross Sandler with Barclays.
Ross Sandler: Great. Sundar, I had a question about smartphone-based AI searches. So you guys are powering all these new AI interactions and searches on Pixel and on Samsung devices, and I think there’s speculation that Gemini might be used on iOS in the future state. So the question is, if users start searching on smartphones and those searches are basically rendered on the model, on the phone without accessing the web, how do you guys anticipate monetizing some of these smartphone-based behaviors that are kind of run on the edge? Any thoughts on that?
Sundar Pichai: Look, I think if you look at what users are looking for, people are looking for information and ability to connect with things outside. So I think there’ll be a set of use cases which you’ll be able to do on-device. But for a lot of what people are looking to do, I think you will need the richness of the Cloud, the Web, and you have to deliver it to users. So I think, so again, to my earlier comments, I think through all these moments, you saw what we have done with Samsung, with Circle to Search. I think it gives a new way for people to access search conveniently, wherever they are. And so I view this as a positive way to bring ourselves together in a more seamless manner. So I think it’s positive from that perspective.
In terms of on-device versus Cloud, there will be needs which can be done on-device, and we should, to help it from a privacy standpoint. But there are many, many things for which people will need to reach out to the Cloud. And so I don’t see that as being a big driver in the on-Cloud versus off-Cloud in any way.
Operator: And our last question comes from Colin Sebastian with Baird.
Colin Sebastian: Thanks and good afternoon. I guess, first, a follow-up on some of the questions on SGE and the Core Search. I guess I’m wondering, along with some of those changes in behavior, is there a way to quantify that overall engagement shift, whether that’s an increase in time spent, increase in over the level of increase in queries for both sort of traditional search as well as more generative answers. And then secondly, on the hardware roadmap, I assume later this year we’ll hear more about some of the products, but any areas of a particular focus or that you would point out that we should keep in mind in terms of hardware launches in the back half? Thank you.
