In this piece, we will take a look at the 5 most biodiverse countries in the world. To go through our analysis of global biodiversity, its ecological and economic impacts, as well as some companies that operate within this space, go ahead and see the 25 Most Biodiverse Countries in the World.
5. Mexico
Global Biodiversity Index: 34.247
Mexico is a haven for biodiversity, housing an impressive array of over 200,000 distinct species, which represents approximately 10–12% of the world’s total biodiversity. This remarkable diversity extends to various categories, with Mexico securing the top position for reptiles, boasting 707 identified species, ranking second for mammals with 438 species, holding the fourth spot for amphibians with 290 species, and also claiming the fourth position in flora diversity, with an astonishing 26,000 different species.
4. China
Global Biodiversity Index: 365.84
China stands out as one of the rare countries encompassing a complete spectrum of climate zones, spanning from tropical to cold temperate regions. Approximately 40% of China’s vast land area reaches elevations exceeding 2000 meters. This extensive geodiversity within China gives rise to a diverse array of habitats that support a wide variety of species. In addition, China has implemented ecological red lines, designating more than 30% of its total land area for protection. This extensive protection encompasses various ecological zones, vulnerable areas, and critical habitats for biodiversity across the country.
3. Colombia
Global Biodiversity Index: 369.76
Colombia holds the distinction of being the third most biodiverse country among the most biodiverse countries in the world. As per the 2019 Biodiversity Information System in Colombia, the country boasts a remarkable 51,330 registered species, including an astonishing array of more than 1,920 bird species, 528 distinct mammal species, and 1,521 diverse fish species.
2. Indonesia
Global Biodiversity Index: 418.78
Indonesia claims the second-highest level of biodiversity globally. One of the 17 megadiverse countries, Indonesia is home to two of the world’s 25 biodiversity hotspots, 18 ecoregions featured in the World Wildlife Fund’s “Global 200,” and a 24 of Bird Life International’s Endemic Bird Areas. Moreover, Indonesia houses the world’s third-largest expanse of rainforest, trailing only the Amazon and Africa’s Congo Basin. These forests are inhabited by endangered species such as orangutans, critically endangered Sumatran tigers, and rhinos. In addition to its wealth of species, Indonesia boasts notably high levels of endemism.
1. Brazil
Global Biodiversity Index: 512.34
Brazil holds the title of being the most biodiverse country in the world. It also claims the top spot among the world’s 17 megadiverse countries and ranks second only to Indonesia in terms of species endemism. Within its borders lie two pivotal biodiversity hotspots—the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado—along with six terrestrial biomes and three expansive marine ecosystems. The country currently boasts knowledge of at least 103,870 animal species and 43,020 plant species, collectively constituting a staggering 70% of the world’s documented animal and plant species. It is estimated that Brazil is a sanctuary for between 15-20% of the world’s biological diversity, hosting the highest number of endemic species worldwide. Brazil’s biodiversity continues to expand, with an average discovery of 700 new animal species each year.
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