4. Iran
With 8 journalists behind the bars (a significant improvement from 2014, when there were 30 reporters serving prison sentences), Iran, the number 4 on our list of countries without freedom of speech or press is among the leading nations in the world when it comes to jailing reporters. The Association of Iranian Journalists was closed in 2009 and despite campaign promises, President Hassan Rouhani has yet to reinstitute it. The real power is held by the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has been the supreme leader since 1989.