This brief article is a continuation of the detailed overview we did of developing countries with no sea access and their trade hurdles. If you want more insights into land-bounded economies, read 32 Landlocked Developing Countries.
10. Eswatini
GDP Per Capita: $4,039
Eswatini (also called Swaziland) is a small landlocked monarchy in southern Africa near Lesotho. The nation has concentrated on developing diverse economic sectors, including sugar, forestry, and textiles.
9. Mongolia
GDP Per Capita: $4,946
Located between Russia and China, Mongolia boasts vast steppes and a rich nomadic heritage. The country is committed to balancing economic development with the careful utilization of its abundant mineral resources, particularly coal and copper while preserving its unique cultural and natural landscapes.
8. Republic of Moldova
GDP Per Capita: $5,562
Moldova, situated between Romania and Ukraine, is renowned for its wine production. Actively pursuing economic stability and growth, the country is enhancing its service sector, promoting information technology, and fostering trade relationships with European and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) nations.
7. Paraguay
GDP Per Capita: $6,153
Paraguay, in the center of South America, has a dynamic agricultural sector, with soybeans and beef being its significant exports. The country has developed a thriving hydroelectric power industry and works to strengthen its manufacturing and industrial sectors.
6. North Macedonia
GDP Per Capita: $6,591
North Macedonia, located in the Balkan Peninsula near Kosovo, Serbia, and Bulgaria, prioritizes agriculture, textiles, and technology, fostering an environment supportive of small and medium enterprises. It is also actively engaged in international trade, particularly with European Union countries.
5. Armenia
GDP Per Capita: $7,014
Armenia leverages its renowned diaspora community as a vital resource for investment and development. With a robust IT sector and mining industry, along with a unique cultural heritage, the country promotes tourism and technology as essential elements of its economic strategy.
4. Turkmenistan
GDP Per Capita: $7,297
Situated in Central Asia, Turkmenistan is rich in natural gas resources. The landlocked nation focuses on utilizing these energy reserves to fuel its economic development and actively invests in infrastructure projects, such as gas pipelines, to facilitate exports.
3. Azerbaijan
GDP Per Capita: $7,736
Azerbaijan, primarily landlocked but with limited access to the Caspian Sea, has a population of 10 million. The United Nations classifies it as a landlocked developing country with an economy firmly rooted in oil and gas.
2. Botswana
GDP Per Capita: $7,737
Botswana has transformed from one of the world’s poorest countries into a stable, middle-income nation, thanks to its substantial diamond reserves and prudent economic policies.
1. Kazakhstan
GDP Per Capita: $11,243
As the largest and most significant landlocked developing country in the world, Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia. With an abundance of natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals, it has implemented major economic reforms to develop its finance, agriculture, and technology sectors.
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