10 Countries With Most Scientists per Capita in the World

3. Finland

Scientists per 1000 employed: 16.16 

In 2021, Finland’s R&D expenditure as a proportion of GDP was nearly 3%, amounting to €7.6 billion. While above the OECD average, Finland was the only Nordic country in 2021 where R&D expenditure as a proportion of GDP was lower than in 2010. The Finnish government aims to raise R&D expenditure to 4% of GDP by 2030 through the R&D funding act implemented in 2023. Finland has produced several renowned scientists and groundbreaking inventions, including Linus Torvalds who was the principal force behind the development of the Linux kernel and the open-source operating system, and Arri Pentti Virtanen, a chemist who won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on preserving fodder and other plant products.